Biochemistry Exam 1 UIUC MCB 450
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
What enzyme forms peptide bonds between amino acids?
What is the name of the reaction? - CORRECT ANSWER peptidyl transferase
Condensation reaction (H2O is eliminated from amino acid and NH2 of the next)
Which biomolecule is highly versatile? - CORRECT ANSWER proteins
(hormones, transporters, actin/myosin, collagen and transcription factors)
What are functions of carbohydrates> - CORRECT ANSWER - important fuel source
- structural molecules
- signaling molecules
- lubricants
What are the six functions of lipids? - CORRECT ANSWER - major component of the
membrane
- energy storage
- protect against heat loss, shock, and water loss
- chemical messengers
What are covalent bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER bonds inn which electrons are shared by
participating atoms
What are examples of covalent bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. peptide bond
2. phosphodiester bond (DNA or RNA polymerase is the enzyme)
,3. covalent bonds
4. glycosidic bonds
What is a phosphodiester bond? - CORRECT ANSWER a covalent bond in RNA or DNA
that holds a polynucleotide chain together by joining a
phosphate group at position 5 in the pentose sugar of
one nucleotide to the hydroxyl group at position 3 in
the pentose sugar of the next nucleotide.
What are ester bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER Triglycerides are lipids consisting of one
glycerol molecule
bonded with three fatty acid molecules.
The bonds between the molecules
are covalent and are called ester bonds.
What is the enzyme for ester bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER acyltransferase
What are glyosidic bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER forms carbohydrates with linkage of
monosaccharides into polysaccharides
What enzyme aids in forming glyosidic bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER glycogen synthase
What are noncovalent / weak interactions? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. hydrogen bonds
2. ionic bonds or electrostatic interactions
3. Van der waals
4. hydrophobic bonds
What are some characteristics of water? - CORRECT ANSWER - dipolar (uneven distribution
of electrons)
- forms H bonds with other polar atoms molecules (O & N)
, - cohesive
- universal solvent for charged/polar molecules (disrupted by water)
Alcohols and ammonia contain - CORRECT ANSWER H bonds
What is hydrophillic? - CORRECT ANSWER Polar compounds that dissolve easily in water
are hydrophilic (water soluble).
ex: glucose, glycine, asparatate, lactate, glycerol
What is hydrophobic? - CORRECT ANSWER Non-polar molecules such as lipids are
hydrophobic; side chains
of some amino acids are referred to as "hydrophobic". (water
insoluble)
ex: wax
What is Amphipathic? - CORRECT ANSWER molecules have polar or charged regions, as
well as non-polar
regions.
ex: Phenalanine, Phosphatodylcholine
What are electrostatic interactions? - CORRECT ANSWER A weak interaction between ions
having opposite charges.
Also called ionic bond or salt bridge.
ex: NaCl
Why does water weaken electrostatic interactions? - CORRECT ANSWER hydrogen bonds
form between an electronegative atom and hydrogen
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
What enzyme forms peptide bonds between amino acids?
What is the name of the reaction? - CORRECT ANSWER peptidyl transferase
Condensation reaction (H2O is eliminated from amino acid and NH2 of the next)
Which biomolecule is highly versatile? - CORRECT ANSWER proteins
(hormones, transporters, actin/myosin, collagen and transcription factors)
What are functions of carbohydrates> - CORRECT ANSWER - important fuel source
- structural molecules
- signaling molecules
- lubricants
What are the six functions of lipids? - CORRECT ANSWER - major component of the
membrane
- energy storage
- protect against heat loss, shock, and water loss
- chemical messengers
What are covalent bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER bonds inn which electrons are shared by
participating atoms
What are examples of covalent bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. peptide bond
2. phosphodiester bond (DNA or RNA polymerase is the enzyme)
,3. covalent bonds
4. glycosidic bonds
What is a phosphodiester bond? - CORRECT ANSWER a covalent bond in RNA or DNA
that holds a polynucleotide chain together by joining a
phosphate group at position 5 in the pentose sugar of
one nucleotide to the hydroxyl group at position 3 in
the pentose sugar of the next nucleotide.
What are ester bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER Triglycerides are lipids consisting of one
glycerol molecule
bonded with three fatty acid molecules.
The bonds between the molecules
are covalent and are called ester bonds.
What is the enzyme for ester bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER acyltransferase
What are glyosidic bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER forms carbohydrates with linkage of
monosaccharides into polysaccharides
What enzyme aids in forming glyosidic bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER glycogen synthase
What are noncovalent / weak interactions? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. hydrogen bonds
2. ionic bonds or electrostatic interactions
3. Van der waals
4. hydrophobic bonds
What are some characteristics of water? - CORRECT ANSWER - dipolar (uneven distribution
of electrons)
- forms H bonds with other polar atoms molecules (O & N)
, - cohesive
- universal solvent for charged/polar molecules (disrupted by water)
Alcohols and ammonia contain - CORRECT ANSWER H bonds
What is hydrophillic? - CORRECT ANSWER Polar compounds that dissolve easily in water
are hydrophilic (water soluble).
ex: glucose, glycine, asparatate, lactate, glycerol
What is hydrophobic? - CORRECT ANSWER Non-polar molecules such as lipids are
hydrophobic; side chains
of some amino acids are referred to as "hydrophobic". (water
insoluble)
ex: wax
What is Amphipathic? - CORRECT ANSWER molecules have polar or charged regions, as
well as non-polar
regions.
ex: Phenalanine, Phosphatodylcholine
What are electrostatic interactions? - CORRECT ANSWER A weak interaction between ions
having opposite charges.
Also called ionic bond or salt bridge.
ex: NaCl
Why does water weaken electrostatic interactions? - CORRECT ANSWER hydrogen bonds
form between an electronegative atom and hydrogen
