EXSC 224 EXAM 1 THOMPSON Questions and
Correct Answers
central nervous system
consists of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the
body.
Spinal nerve
when dorsal and ventral roots combine (mixed)
roots are not mixed, only spinal nerves
cranial nerves
originate in cranium, 2 are sensory only
dorsal roots
sensory information
afferent, towards CNS
ventral roots
motor (efferent)
away from the CNS
nerve
,collection of neurons
cell body/soma
contains nucleus of cell
axon
long, action potentials, how we transmit info rapidly
DCML (dorsal column-medial lemniscal) pathway
- transmit touch, textures (sensory)
- 3 neurons
- 1st order neuron: PNS, cell body dorsal roots
- 2nd order neurons: medulla to thalamus, crosses in medulla*
- 3rd order neuron! thalamus to cortex
- toe to cortex
- gray matter, dorsal side/horn
ST (spino-thalamic) pathway
- pain, touch, temperature (sensory)
- 3 neurons
-1st order neuron: end in the same level as begins (bottom toe), cell body in dorsal roots.
-2nd order neuron: crosses when first neuron enter left. (bottom spinal cord)
- 3rd order neuron: goes to cortex from thalamus
SC (spino cerebellum) pathway
,- 2 neurons, NO crossing sides (IPSI)
- gray to white matter
- properoceptiom, sensory
- ex: throwing a ball
CS (cortico spinal) pathway
- voluntary motor, descending!
- 3 neurons
-1st order neuron: CNS, upper motor neuron. Descends from primary motor cortex to spinal
cord. if terminates in hand, first neuron ends in middle spindle cord, if in foot then the bottom
-2nd order neuron: CNS, inter neuron, small.
-3rd order neuron: PNS, lower motor neuron. leaves CNS- gray matter, ventral root, to foot.
- VENTRAL only.
problem cases
If lost foot: no sensory, neurons broken because of action potentials, no communications
Broke dorsal root: lost sensory, touch, not motor bc motor goes through ventral
Complete bilateral transaction: no communication below that injury.
Incomplete spinal score injury (losing 1 side): affects that 1 side below, everything gone on side
affected.
Stroke of R hemisphere: no sensory on L side, motor - paralysis. Affects opposite side.
Neuron regions
, cell body, dendrites, axon
- Neuron carries info one directions from dendrites/cell body (receptive area) towards target.
- Flow on info: dendrites, soma, to axon.
Function of Nervous system
1. Sensory input: monitoring stimuli (environment), info gathered by sensory receptors.
2. Integration: interpretation of sensory input (brain)
3. Motor output: response to stimuli (muscles)
Sensory input example
hunger causes us to use our muscles to eat; internal (hunger), external (red light).
Organization of Nervous System
Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Central Nervous System
brain and spinal cord, integration and control centers take place.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
cranial nerves and spinal nerves, communication between CNS and the rest of the body.
Sensory division (PNS)
afferent
- somatic (skin) and visceral (stomach)
- conducts action potentials from receptors to the CNS.
Motor division (PNS)
Correct Answers
central nervous system
consists of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the
body.
Spinal nerve
when dorsal and ventral roots combine (mixed)
roots are not mixed, only spinal nerves
cranial nerves
originate in cranium, 2 are sensory only
dorsal roots
sensory information
afferent, towards CNS
ventral roots
motor (efferent)
away from the CNS
nerve
,collection of neurons
cell body/soma
contains nucleus of cell
axon
long, action potentials, how we transmit info rapidly
DCML (dorsal column-medial lemniscal) pathway
- transmit touch, textures (sensory)
- 3 neurons
- 1st order neuron: PNS, cell body dorsal roots
- 2nd order neurons: medulla to thalamus, crosses in medulla*
- 3rd order neuron! thalamus to cortex
- toe to cortex
- gray matter, dorsal side/horn
ST (spino-thalamic) pathway
- pain, touch, temperature (sensory)
- 3 neurons
-1st order neuron: end in the same level as begins (bottom toe), cell body in dorsal roots.
-2nd order neuron: crosses when first neuron enter left. (bottom spinal cord)
- 3rd order neuron: goes to cortex from thalamus
SC (spino cerebellum) pathway
,- 2 neurons, NO crossing sides (IPSI)
- gray to white matter
- properoceptiom, sensory
- ex: throwing a ball
CS (cortico spinal) pathway
- voluntary motor, descending!
- 3 neurons
-1st order neuron: CNS, upper motor neuron. Descends from primary motor cortex to spinal
cord. if terminates in hand, first neuron ends in middle spindle cord, if in foot then the bottom
-2nd order neuron: CNS, inter neuron, small.
-3rd order neuron: PNS, lower motor neuron. leaves CNS- gray matter, ventral root, to foot.
- VENTRAL only.
problem cases
If lost foot: no sensory, neurons broken because of action potentials, no communications
Broke dorsal root: lost sensory, touch, not motor bc motor goes through ventral
Complete bilateral transaction: no communication below that injury.
Incomplete spinal score injury (losing 1 side): affects that 1 side below, everything gone on side
affected.
Stroke of R hemisphere: no sensory on L side, motor - paralysis. Affects opposite side.
Neuron regions
, cell body, dendrites, axon
- Neuron carries info one directions from dendrites/cell body (receptive area) towards target.
- Flow on info: dendrites, soma, to axon.
Function of Nervous system
1. Sensory input: monitoring stimuli (environment), info gathered by sensory receptors.
2. Integration: interpretation of sensory input (brain)
3. Motor output: response to stimuli (muscles)
Sensory input example
hunger causes us to use our muscles to eat; internal (hunger), external (red light).
Organization of Nervous System
Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Central Nervous System
brain and spinal cord, integration and control centers take place.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
cranial nerves and spinal nerves, communication between CNS and the rest of the body.
Sensory division (PNS)
afferent
- somatic (skin) and visceral (stomach)
- conducts action potentials from receptors to the CNS.
Motor division (PNS)
