BIOL 1322 NUTRITION & DIET THERAPY (Vitamins,
Minerals, Water, & Electrolyte Balance) QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
antidiuretic hormone Correct Answers a peptide hormone
produced by the hypothalamus, with the primary function of
decreasing the amount of water excreted by the kidneys; it is
stored in and released from the posterior pituitary gland.
binders Correct Answers dietary elements, such as phytates and
oxalates, that limit bioavailability of other nutrients by
chemically binding to minerals.
bone remodeling Correct Answers the process of continuous
bone breakdown and rebuilding, which is required for bone
maintenance and repair
calcium Correct Answers the most abundant mineral in the
body; 99% is found in the bones and teeth, while the other 1% is
located in body cells and fluids, where it is necessary for
functions such as blood clotting, nerve transmission, and muscle
contraction.
calcium homeostasis Correct Answers the balance between the
actions of parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and the kidneys to
tightly control serum calcium levels.
chloride Correct Answers a mineral that is an electrolyte
involved in fluid balance; it is often found in table salt (NaCL).
, chromium Correct Answers a trace mineral; its role in the body
is not well understood. Plays a role in glucose uptake into cells
by amplifying the action of insulin.
co-factor Correct Answers a nonprotein chemical compound
that activates and assists enzymatic reactions.
copper Correct Answers a trace mineral that functions as a co-
factor in oxygen-dependent enzymes in the body; these enzymes
participate in energy metabolism, formation of connective
tissue, regulation of iron storage and transport, and antioxidant
functions.
cretinism Correct Answers a condition characterized by mental
retardation, deafness and muteness, stunted growth, delayed
sexual maturation, and other abnormalities; it can be caused by
severe iodine deprivation during fetal growth.
DASH diet Correct Answers also known as Dietary
Approaches to Stop Hypertension; a food plan that assists with
blood pressure control by moderating sodium intake while
increasing the intake potassium, calcium, and magnesium.
dehydration Correct Answers water deficiency resulting from
fluid losses that exceed intake.
electrolytes Correct Answers electrically charged minerals
(ions) dissolved in body fluids that balance the fluid outside the
cells with the fluid inside the cells; electrolyte balance is
necessary for the transport of nutrients, muscle contractions, and
other processes.
Minerals, Water, & Electrolyte Balance) QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
antidiuretic hormone Correct Answers a peptide hormone
produced by the hypothalamus, with the primary function of
decreasing the amount of water excreted by the kidneys; it is
stored in and released from the posterior pituitary gland.
binders Correct Answers dietary elements, such as phytates and
oxalates, that limit bioavailability of other nutrients by
chemically binding to minerals.
bone remodeling Correct Answers the process of continuous
bone breakdown and rebuilding, which is required for bone
maintenance and repair
calcium Correct Answers the most abundant mineral in the
body; 99% is found in the bones and teeth, while the other 1% is
located in body cells and fluids, where it is necessary for
functions such as blood clotting, nerve transmission, and muscle
contraction.
calcium homeostasis Correct Answers the balance between the
actions of parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and the kidneys to
tightly control serum calcium levels.
chloride Correct Answers a mineral that is an electrolyte
involved in fluid balance; it is often found in table salt (NaCL).
, chromium Correct Answers a trace mineral; its role in the body
is not well understood. Plays a role in glucose uptake into cells
by amplifying the action of insulin.
co-factor Correct Answers a nonprotein chemical compound
that activates and assists enzymatic reactions.
copper Correct Answers a trace mineral that functions as a co-
factor in oxygen-dependent enzymes in the body; these enzymes
participate in energy metabolism, formation of connective
tissue, regulation of iron storage and transport, and antioxidant
functions.
cretinism Correct Answers a condition characterized by mental
retardation, deafness and muteness, stunted growth, delayed
sexual maturation, and other abnormalities; it can be caused by
severe iodine deprivation during fetal growth.
DASH diet Correct Answers also known as Dietary
Approaches to Stop Hypertension; a food plan that assists with
blood pressure control by moderating sodium intake while
increasing the intake potassium, calcium, and magnesium.
dehydration Correct Answers water deficiency resulting from
fluid losses that exceed intake.
electrolytes Correct Answers electrically charged minerals
(ions) dissolved in body fluids that balance the fluid outside the
cells with the fluid inside the cells; electrolyte balance is
necessary for the transport of nutrients, muscle contractions, and
other processes.
