NR 565 - Advanced Pharmacology Midterm
Exam Chamberlain Questions and Answers
1. During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for
adverse drug reactions with potential long term consequences?
Answer 1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)
2. What is BEERS criteria?
Answer Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and older), prescriber
ultimately decides
3. What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450)
Answer liver enzyme system where medications are metabolized, can either be inducers or
inhibitors and create drug-drug interactions
4. CYP450 inducers
Answer Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser effect (decrease
blood levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
5. CYP450 inducers pneumonic
Answer "Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
6. CYP450 inducer drug names
Answer Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin,
,phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
7. CYP450 inhibitors
Answer inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
8. CYP450 pneumonic
Answer "VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look GQ"
9. CYP450 inhibitors drug names
Answer Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole,
grapefruit juice, quinidine
10. Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact
pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs?
Answer increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of
bowel increase drug absorption
11. Examples of medications that can be teratogenic
Answer Antiepileptic drugs, antimicrobials such
as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large doses, some anticoagulants, and hormonal
medications such as diethylstilbestrol (DES).
12. How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in
, neonates?
Answer slow
and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
13. Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in
infancy?
Answer delayed gastric emptying
14. Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric
patient?
Answer glucocorti- coids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and kernicterus with
sulfonamides, levofloxacin (antibiotics) aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
15. what should be included in medication administration patient
education?
Answer -
dosage size and timing
route and technique of administration
duration of treatment
drug storage
nature and time course of desired
responses nature and time course of
adverse responses finish taking
, antibiotic
16. What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk
for adverse
drug reactions?
Answer reduced renal function polypharmacy
(the use of five or more medications daily) greater
severity of illness
presence of comorbidities
use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin)
increased individual variation secondary to altered
pharmacokinetics inadequate supervision of long-term therapy
poor patient adherence
17. How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly
patient expe- riencing an adverse drug reaction?
Answer obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-the-counter medications
considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due to
age monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels
using the simplest regimen possible
monitoring for drug-drug interactions and iatrogenic
illness periodically reviewing the need for continued
drug therapy encouraging the patient to dispose of
old medications
taking steps to promote adherence and to avoid drugs on the Beers list
Exam Chamberlain Questions and Answers
1. During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for
adverse drug reactions with potential long term consequences?
Answer 1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)
2. What is BEERS criteria?
Answer Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and older), prescriber
ultimately decides
3. What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450)
Answer liver enzyme system where medications are metabolized, can either be inducers or
inhibitors and create drug-drug interactions
4. CYP450 inducers
Answer Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser effect (decrease
blood levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
5. CYP450 inducers pneumonic
Answer "Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
6. CYP450 inducer drug names
Answer Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin,
,phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
7. CYP450 inhibitors
Answer inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
8. CYP450 pneumonic
Answer "VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look GQ"
9. CYP450 inhibitors drug names
Answer Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole,
grapefruit juice, quinidine
10. Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact
pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs?
Answer increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of
bowel increase drug absorption
11. Examples of medications that can be teratogenic
Answer Antiepileptic drugs, antimicrobials such
as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large doses, some anticoagulants, and hormonal
medications such as diethylstilbestrol (DES).
12. How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in
, neonates?
Answer slow
and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
13. Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in
infancy?
Answer delayed gastric emptying
14. Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric
patient?
Answer glucocorti- coids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and kernicterus with
sulfonamides, levofloxacin (antibiotics) aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
15. what should be included in medication administration patient
education?
Answer -
dosage size and timing
route and technique of administration
duration of treatment
drug storage
nature and time course of desired
responses nature and time course of
adverse responses finish taking
, antibiotic
16. What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk
for adverse
drug reactions?
Answer reduced renal function polypharmacy
(the use of five or more medications daily) greater
severity of illness
presence of comorbidities
use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin)
increased individual variation secondary to altered
pharmacokinetics inadequate supervision of long-term therapy
poor patient adherence
17. How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly
patient expe- riencing an adverse drug reaction?
Answer obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-the-counter medications
considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due to
age monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels
using the simplest regimen possible
monitoring for drug-drug interactions and iatrogenic
illness periodically reviewing the need for continued
drug therapy encouraging the patient to dispose of
old medications
taking steps to promote adherence and to avoid drugs on the Beers list
