NBCE PART 1 PHYSIOLOGY EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY GRADED
A+ 2025 – 2026
What percentage of blood flow needs atrial contraction or P wave AV? - SOLUTION-20%
What are the name of the atrioventricular (AV) nodes and their perspective sides? - SOLUTION-
Tricuspid: Right
Mitral/Bicuspid: Left
What is isovolumetric contraction? - SOLUTION-End of diastole around 120ml causing tricuspid
or mitral valve to close
How many pulmonary arteries are there vs veins? - SOLUTION-- 2 pulmonary arteries - 4
pulmonary veins
What two arteries in the body carry deoxygenated blood? - SOLUTION-- Pulmonary arteries
- Umbilical arteries
What structure does upper extremity drain into? - SOLUTION-Superior vena cava (SVC)
,What structure does lower extremity drain into? - SOLUTION-Inferior vena cava (IVC) What
drains the lumbars into the SVC? - SOLUTION-azygous vein
Which side of the body is the azygous vein located? - SOLUTION-- Right side -
Hemiazygos will be on the left which drains to azygous to svc
What percentage of blood flows into the ventricles passively? - SOLUTION-80%
What vessels are blown open during mid-systole? - SOLUTION-pulmonic or aortic semilunar
valves
What two veins carry oxygenated blood? - SOLUTION-- Pulmonary veins -
Umbilical vein
What does the Bohr effect do? - SOLUTION-Binds 4 oxygen molecules to form hemoglobin
What is the pathway of blood through the heart? - SOLUTION-The pathway of blood through the
heart is:
- superior vena cava,
- right atrium,
- tricuspid valve,
- right ventricle,
- lungs for oxygenation,
- pulmonary valve,
- left atrium,
,- bicuspid valve,
- left ventricle,
- aortic valve,
- aorta.
Does depolarization happen before or after contraction? - SOLUTION-Before
Where is the SA node (sinoatrial) located? - SOLUTION-Right atrium
Do both atrium contract from SA node? - SOLUTION-True
What is P wave? - SOLUTION-- atrial depolarization
- SA node in the crista terminalis of the right atrium
What is the average bpm for the SA node? - SOLUTION-45 Bpm
What is P-R interval? - SOLUTION-AV nodal delay
What is R? - SOLUTION-isovolumetric contraction
Where do you find intercalated discs and gap junctions? - SOLUTION-- Cardiac muscle or hear
muscles
What are intercalated discs do? - SOLUTION-speed up communication between atrium and
ventricles
, What is the fastest system in the heart? - SOLUTION-Purkinje system
What is the QRS complex? - SOLUTION-- ventricular depolarization
Where is atrial repolarization hidden? - SOLUTION-Under QRS complex
What happens during the T wave? - SOLUTION-ventricular repolarization
What is the S-T segment? - SOLUTION-isovolumetric repolarization
What pathology is associated with an inverted T wave or altered S-T segment? - SOLUTION-
Myocardial infarction/heart attack
What is prevention mechanism against tetany? - SOLUTION-- Slow calcium channel
- Absolute refractory period
- Plateau
- Happens in cardiac muscle
What is the difference between sympathetic vs parasympathetic reactions for the heart or
cardiac muscle? - SOLUTION-Sympathetic: speed up heart and dilate eyes (seeing danger)
Parasympathetic: slow down heart rate and constrict eyes (Rest and relax)
When is diastole what heart murmurs are associated? - SOLUTION-- Aortic Regurgitation
- Mitral Stenosis
AND CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY GRADED
A+ 2025 – 2026
What percentage of blood flow needs atrial contraction or P wave AV? - SOLUTION-20%
What are the name of the atrioventricular (AV) nodes and their perspective sides? - SOLUTION-
Tricuspid: Right
Mitral/Bicuspid: Left
What is isovolumetric contraction? - SOLUTION-End of diastole around 120ml causing tricuspid
or mitral valve to close
How many pulmonary arteries are there vs veins? - SOLUTION-- 2 pulmonary arteries - 4
pulmonary veins
What two arteries in the body carry deoxygenated blood? - SOLUTION-- Pulmonary arteries
- Umbilical arteries
What structure does upper extremity drain into? - SOLUTION-Superior vena cava (SVC)
,What structure does lower extremity drain into? - SOLUTION-Inferior vena cava (IVC) What
drains the lumbars into the SVC? - SOLUTION-azygous vein
Which side of the body is the azygous vein located? - SOLUTION-- Right side -
Hemiazygos will be on the left which drains to azygous to svc
What percentage of blood flows into the ventricles passively? - SOLUTION-80%
What vessels are blown open during mid-systole? - SOLUTION-pulmonic or aortic semilunar
valves
What two veins carry oxygenated blood? - SOLUTION-- Pulmonary veins -
Umbilical vein
What does the Bohr effect do? - SOLUTION-Binds 4 oxygen molecules to form hemoglobin
What is the pathway of blood through the heart? - SOLUTION-The pathway of blood through the
heart is:
- superior vena cava,
- right atrium,
- tricuspid valve,
- right ventricle,
- lungs for oxygenation,
- pulmonary valve,
- left atrium,
,- bicuspid valve,
- left ventricle,
- aortic valve,
- aorta.
Does depolarization happen before or after contraction? - SOLUTION-Before
Where is the SA node (sinoatrial) located? - SOLUTION-Right atrium
Do both atrium contract from SA node? - SOLUTION-True
What is P wave? - SOLUTION-- atrial depolarization
- SA node in the crista terminalis of the right atrium
What is the average bpm for the SA node? - SOLUTION-45 Bpm
What is P-R interval? - SOLUTION-AV nodal delay
What is R? - SOLUTION-isovolumetric contraction
Where do you find intercalated discs and gap junctions? - SOLUTION-- Cardiac muscle or hear
muscles
What are intercalated discs do? - SOLUTION-speed up communication between atrium and
ventricles
, What is the fastest system in the heart? - SOLUTION-Purkinje system
What is the QRS complex? - SOLUTION-- ventricular depolarization
Where is atrial repolarization hidden? - SOLUTION-Under QRS complex
What happens during the T wave? - SOLUTION-ventricular repolarization
What is the S-T segment? - SOLUTION-isovolumetric repolarization
What pathology is associated with an inverted T wave or altered S-T segment? - SOLUTION-
Myocardial infarction/heart attack
What is prevention mechanism against tetany? - SOLUTION-- Slow calcium channel
- Absolute refractory period
- Plateau
- Happens in cardiac muscle
What is the difference between sympathetic vs parasympathetic reactions for the heart or
cardiac muscle? - SOLUTION-Sympathetic: speed up heart and dilate eyes (seeing danger)
Parasympathetic: slow down heart rate and constrict eyes (Rest and relax)
When is diastole what heart murmurs are associated? - SOLUTION-- Aortic Regurgitation
- Mitral Stenosis
