FISDAP AIRWAY EXAM 2 PACKAGE DEAL
MOCK TESTS WITH ANSWER RATIONALES
2026
◉ Upper airway.
Answer: Consists of all anatomic airway structures above the glottic
opening.
*1. Tongue*
a. Must be manipulated
b. Tends to fall back into the posterior pharynx in unresponsive
patient
*2. Pharynx*
a. Muscular tube that extends from the nose and mouth to the
esophagus and trachea
b. Composed of:
i. Nasopharynx
ii. Oropharynx
iii. Laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)
◉ Lower airway.
Answer: Extends from the glottis to the pulmonary capillary
membrane.
,1. *Larynx*
2. *Thyroid cartilage*
3. *Cricoid cartilage (cricoid ring)*
4. *Cricothyroid membrane*
5. *Glottis*
6. *Trachea*
◉ 1. Larynx.
Answer: -Complex structure formed by many independent
cartilaginous structures
-Marks where the upper airway ends and lower airway begins
◉ 2. Thyroid cartilage.
Answer: -Shield-shaped structure formed by two plates that join in a
"V" shape anteriorly to form the laryngeal prominence
i. Known as the Adam's apple
ii. More pronounced in men
iii. Can be difficult to locate in obese or short-necked patients
-Suspended from the hyoid bone by the thyroid ligament
-Directly anterior to the glottic opening
◉ 3. Cricoid cartilage (cricoid ring).
,Answer: -Lies inferiorly to the thyroid cartilage
-Forms the lowest portion of the larynx
-More prominent in females
◉ 4. Cricothyroid membrane.
Answer: -Located between the thyroid and cricoid cartilage
-Site for emergency surgical and nonsurgical access to the airway
-Bordered laterally and inferiorly by the highly vascular thyroid
gland
◉ 5. Glottis.
Answer: -Narrowest portion of the adult airway
-Vocal cords are located at the lateral borders of the glottis.
-Epiglottis is located at the superior border of the glottis.
-ET intubation requires visualizing the epiglottis, glottis, and vocal
cords before inserting the ET tube.
◉ 6. Trachea.
Answer: -Immediately descends into the thoracic cavity
-Not a straight tube, which is key to understand when placing an ET
tube
, ◉ The respiratory and cardiovascular systems work together to
ensure that:.
Answer: 1. A constant supply of oxygen and nutrients is delivered to
every cell.
2. Waste products are removed from every cell.
◉ Ventilation.
Answer: -Physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs
1. *Inhalation* is the active, muscular part of breathing.
2. *Exhalation* is a passive process and does not normally require
muscular effort.
◉ Oxygenation.
Answer: -Process of loading oxygen molecules onto hemoglobin
molecules in the bloodstream
-Requires adequate *FiO2 (Percentage of oxygen in inhaled air)*
◉ Respiration.
Answer: -Process of exchanging O2 and CO2-->
1. *External respiration (Also called pulmonary respiration)*:
Process of exchanging O2 and CO2 between the alveoli and blood in
pulmonary capillaries.
2. *Internal respiration (Also called cellular respiration)*: Exchange
of O2 and CO2 between the systemic circulation and the body's cells.
MOCK TESTS WITH ANSWER RATIONALES
2026
◉ Upper airway.
Answer: Consists of all anatomic airway structures above the glottic
opening.
*1. Tongue*
a. Must be manipulated
b. Tends to fall back into the posterior pharynx in unresponsive
patient
*2. Pharynx*
a. Muscular tube that extends from the nose and mouth to the
esophagus and trachea
b. Composed of:
i. Nasopharynx
ii. Oropharynx
iii. Laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)
◉ Lower airway.
Answer: Extends from the glottis to the pulmonary capillary
membrane.
,1. *Larynx*
2. *Thyroid cartilage*
3. *Cricoid cartilage (cricoid ring)*
4. *Cricothyroid membrane*
5. *Glottis*
6. *Trachea*
◉ 1. Larynx.
Answer: -Complex structure formed by many independent
cartilaginous structures
-Marks where the upper airway ends and lower airway begins
◉ 2. Thyroid cartilage.
Answer: -Shield-shaped structure formed by two plates that join in a
"V" shape anteriorly to form the laryngeal prominence
i. Known as the Adam's apple
ii. More pronounced in men
iii. Can be difficult to locate in obese or short-necked patients
-Suspended from the hyoid bone by the thyroid ligament
-Directly anterior to the glottic opening
◉ 3. Cricoid cartilage (cricoid ring).
,Answer: -Lies inferiorly to the thyroid cartilage
-Forms the lowest portion of the larynx
-More prominent in females
◉ 4. Cricothyroid membrane.
Answer: -Located between the thyroid and cricoid cartilage
-Site for emergency surgical and nonsurgical access to the airway
-Bordered laterally and inferiorly by the highly vascular thyroid
gland
◉ 5. Glottis.
Answer: -Narrowest portion of the adult airway
-Vocal cords are located at the lateral borders of the glottis.
-Epiglottis is located at the superior border of the glottis.
-ET intubation requires visualizing the epiglottis, glottis, and vocal
cords before inserting the ET tube.
◉ 6. Trachea.
Answer: -Immediately descends into the thoracic cavity
-Not a straight tube, which is key to understand when placing an ET
tube
, ◉ The respiratory and cardiovascular systems work together to
ensure that:.
Answer: 1. A constant supply of oxygen and nutrients is delivered to
every cell.
2. Waste products are removed from every cell.
◉ Ventilation.
Answer: -Physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs
1. *Inhalation* is the active, muscular part of breathing.
2. *Exhalation* is a passive process and does not normally require
muscular effort.
◉ Oxygenation.
Answer: -Process of loading oxygen molecules onto hemoglobin
molecules in the bloodstream
-Requires adequate *FiO2 (Percentage of oxygen in inhaled air)*
◉ Respiration.
Answer: -Process of exchanging O2 and CO2-->
1. *External respiration (Also called pulmonary respiration)*:
Process of exchanging O2 and CO2 between the alveoli and blood in
pulmonary capillaries.
2. *Internal respiration (Also called cellular respiration)*: Exchange
of O2 and CO2 between the systemic circulation and the body's cells.
