Lifespan Development Final Exam
Questions with Correct Answers
Dr. Jones encountered a problem with a new client in therapy. Using the model of
reflective practice described in Chapter 1, what is the sequence of steps he should use
in order to work with this client effectively? - ANSWERSReflect on well-established
theories; apply the theoretical knowledge to the individual's case; and then test out new
ways of thinking about the problem if prior theory does not suffice.
Theories of development differ from opinion primarily because - ANSWERSthey are
based on scientific research.
Which of the following helpers is most likely to have an implicit "incrementalist" belief
about intelligence? - ANSWERSA counselor who recommends a strategy of academic
skill building for a client who is experiencing academic problems.
Stage theories of development typically describe ____________ changes in behavior,
cognition, or social relationships. - ANSWERSqualitative
Using Erikson's developmental theory as a framework, which of the following
statements is an accurate representation of his ideas? - ANSWERSSuccessful
resolution of a psychosocial crisis at each stage depends upon having more positive
than negative experiences in the area of major concern.
Models of development which hold that change typically occurs in shifts between
periods of relative stability and periods of disequilibrium are called - ANSWERSstage
models
Models of development which hold that change occurs as a continuous process are
called - ANSWERSincremental models.
Models of development which hold that change occurs as a function of reciprocal
influences, both from within the person and from the external environment are called -
ANSWERSmultidimensional models.
In Bronfenbrenner's model, proximal processes refer to - ANSWERSreciprocal
interactions between an organism and its immediate environment.
Juan, a 7-month-old infant, lives in a city where the availability of high quality child care
is very limited. His mother is forced to leave Juan in the care of a young woman who
also cares for five other infants and toddlers in her small apartment. According to
Bronfenbrenner's theory, which of the following influences on Juan's development
,represents an example of a proximal process? - ANSWERSThe quality of care-giving
Juan receives in day care.
Juan, a 7-month-old infant, lives in a city where the availability of high quality child care
is very limited. His mother is forced to leave Juan in the care of a young woman who
also cares for five other infants and toddlers in her small apartment. Which of the
following influences represents an example of a distal process? -
ANSWERSGovernmental policies and subsidies for child care that apply in the city.
Seven-month-old Juan and his mother live in a small rented apartment in a large city.
Affordable, high quality child care centers are very hard to find in her neighborhood.
Which level of the environment, according to Bronfenbrenner's model, is limiting her
access to high quality day care in her community? - ANSWERSExosystem
Contemporary developmentalists focus on which question concerning nature and
nurture? - ANSWERSHow do we explain the mechanisms by which nature and nurture
interact to affect development?
A group of people characterized by shared traditions, attitudes, values, and beliefs
handed down from one generation to another constitute ______________. -
ANSWERSan ethnic group.
The measure of social status that combines aspects of education background, income,
and occupation is called - ANSWERSsocioeconomic status.
The belief that individuals create their own knowledge by interpreting new experience in
the light of past experience is a fundamental proposition of - ANSWERSconstructivism.
Counselors must recognize the principle of ___________: Individual pathways of
development may result in a wide range of possible outcomes. - ANSWERSmultifinality
An attempt to forestall the development of problems by promoting health and wellness
in the general population is called - ANSWERSprimary prevention.
The epigenome is the full set of factors, from the cell to the outside world, that controls
the expression of - ANSWERShereditary material.
In one animal study of the influence of genes on behavior, offspring of rats with genes
for low stress reactivity were reared by unrelated mother rats with genes for high stress
reactivity. This is an example of - ANSWERSa cross-fostering study.
In one study, young rats exposed to stress vocalized their anxiety. Their mothers,
alerted to this distress, responded with diligent caregiving behavior that altered the
development of the hippocampus. Which of the following processes or principles does
this example demonstrate? - ANSWERSEpigenesis.
, Based on your knowledge of prenatal development, which of the following sequences
would you expect to be correct? - ANSWERSThe heart begins to form before the
hands.
Which of the following statements is true about the effects of teratogens on the
developing fetus? - ANSWERSThe kind of damage done depends on the stage of
development during exposure.
When she was pregnant with Joey, Joey's mother had a poor diet because food was in
short supply in her war-torn country. The war ended after Joey was born, and his
middle-class mother was able to provide him with adequate, nutritious food throughout
his childhood. Which of the following outcomes is the most likely for Joey? -
ANSWERSJoey is at greater risk of serious ongoing health problems than youngsters
who have adequate prenatal nutrition.
The available data indicate that chronic maternal stress during pregnancy has which of
the following effects on the fetus? - ANSWERSIs related to newborn hyperactivity and
irritability
Which of the following is an accurate description of the long-term effects of chronic
stress on the body? - ANSWERSThe ability of the immune system to fight infection and
ward off disease is
compromised.
The brain is commonly classified into three main parts. They are - ANSWERSforebrain,
midbrain and hindbrain.
The process of myelination is not completed until - ANSWERSwell into adulthood.
Which of the following is true with respect to the impact of nurture on the fetus'
developing brain? - ANSWERSThe establishment of some synaptic connections in the
fetal brain depends upon environmental input, like sound.
Sally, age 28, recently married John, age 45. They would like to have a child, but they
are concerned that they may be at high risk to have a child with a chromosomal
abnormality, like Down's syndrome, because of John's age. What is their genetic
counselor likely to tell them? - ANSWERSThey are at higher than average risk for some
chromosomal disorders because of John's age, but not for Down's syndrome.
For most mental illnesses and behavioral disorders, like alcoholism and clinical
depression, the genetic contribution can best be described as - ANSWERSpolygenic.
Symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) include - ANSWERSwidely spaced eyes
and flattened nose.
Questions with Correct Answers
Dr. Jones encountered a problem with a new client in therapy. Using the model of
reflective practice described in Chapter 1, what is the sequence of steps he should use
in order to work with this client effectively? - ANSWERSReflect on well-established
theories; apply the theoretical knowledge to the individual's case; and then test out new
ways of thinking about the problem if prior theory does not suffice.
Theories of development differ from opinion primarily because - ANSWERSthey are
based on scientific research.
Which of the following helpers is most likely to have an implicit "incrementalist" belief
about intelligence? - ANSWERSA counselor who recommends a strategy of academic
skill building for a client who is experiencing academic problems.
Stage theories of development typically describe ____________ changes in behavior,
cognition, or social relationships. - ANSWERSqualitative
Using Erikson's developmental theory as a framework, which of the following
statements is an accurate representation of his ideas? - ANSWERSSuccessful
resolution of a psychosocial crisis at each stage depends upon having more positive
than negative experiences in the area of major concern.
Models of development which hold that change typically occurs in shifts between
periods of relative stability and periods of disequilibrium are called - ANSWERSstage
models
Models of development which hold that change occurs as a continuous process are
called - ANSWERSincremental models.
Models of development which hold that change occurs as a function of reciprocal
influences, both from within the person and from the external environment are called -
ANSWERSmultidimensional models.
In Bronfenbrenner's model, proximal processes refer to - ANSWERSreciprocal
interactions between an organism and its immediate environment.
Juan, a 7-month-old infant, lives in a city where the availability of high quality child care
is very limited. His mother is forced to leave Juan in the care of a young woman who
also cares for five other infants and toddlers in her small apartment. According to
Bronfenbrenner's theory, which of the following influences on Juan's development
,represents an example of a proximal process? - ANSWERSThe quality of care-giving
Juan receives in day care.
Juan, a 7-month-old infant, lives in a city where the availability of high quality child care
is very limited. His mother is forced to leave Juan in the care of a young woman who
also cares for five other infants and toddlers in her small apartment. Which of the
following influences represents an example of a distal process? -
ANSWERSGovernmental policies and subsidies for child care that apply in the city.
Seven-month-old Juan and his mother live in a small rented apartment in a large city.
Affordable, high quality child care centers are very hard to find in her neighborhood.
Which level of the environment, according to Bronfenbrenner's model, is limiting her
access to high quality day care in her community? - ANSWERSExosystem
Contemporary developmentalists focus on which question concerning nature and
nurture? - ANSWERSHow do we explain the mechanisms by which nature and nurture
interact to affect development?
A group of people characterized by shared traditions, attitudes, values, and beliefs
handed down from one generation to another constitute ______________. -
ANSWERSan ethnic group.
The measure of social status that combines aspects of education background, income,
and occupation is called - ANSWERSsocioeconomic status.
The belief that individuals create their own knowledge by interpreting new experience in
the light of past experience is a fundamental proposition of - ANSWERSconstructivism.
Counselors must recognize the principle of ___________: Individual pathways of
development may result in a wide range of possible outcomes. - ANSWERSmultifinality
An attempt to forestall the development of problems by promoting health and wellness
in the general population is called - ANSWERSprimary prevention.
The epigenome is the full set of factors, from the cell to the outside world, that controls
the expression of - ANSWERShereditary material.
In one animal study of the influence of genes on behavior, offspring of rats with genes
for low stress reactivity were reared by unrelated mother rats with genes for high stress
reactivity. This is an example of - ANSWERSa cross-fostering study.
In one study, young rats exposed to stress vocalized their anxiety. Their mothers,
alerted to this distress, responded with diligent caregiving behavior that altered the
development of the hippocampus. Which of the following processes or principles does
this example demonstrate? - ANSWERSEpigenesis.
, Based on your knowledge of prenatal development, which of the following sequences
would you expect to be correct? - ANSWERSThe heart begins to form before the
hands.
Which of the following statements is true about the effects of teratogens on the
developing fetus? - ANSWERSThe kind of damage done depends on the stage of
development during exposure.
When she was pregnant with Joey, Joey's mother had a poor diet because food was in
short supply in her war-torn country. The war ended after Joey was born, and his
middle-class mother was able to provide him with adequate, nutritious food throughout
his childhood. Which of the following outcomes is the most likely for Joey? -
ANSWERSJoey is at greater risk of serious ongoing health problems than youngsters
who have adequate prenatal nutrition.
The available data indicate that chronic maternal stress during pregnancy has which of
the following effects on the fetus? - ANSWERSIs related to newborn hyperactivity and
irritability
Which of the following is an accurate description of the long-term effects of chronic
stress on the body? - ANSWERSThe ability of the immune system to fight infection and
ward off disease is
compromised.
The brain is commonly classified into three main parts. They are - ANSWERSforebrain,
midbrain and hindbrain.
The process of myelination is not completed until - ANSWERSwell into adulthood.
Which of the following is true with respect to the impact of nurture on the fetus'
developing brain? - ANSWERSThe establishment of some synaptic connections in the
fetal brain depends upon environmental input, like sound.
Sally, age 28, recently married John, age 45. They would like to have a child, but they
are concerned that they may be at high risk to have a child with a chromosomal
abnormality, like Down's syndrome, because of John's age. What is their genetic
counselor likely to tell them? - ANSWERSThey are at higher than average risk for some
chromosomal disorders because of John's age, but not for Down's syndrome.
For most mental illnesses and behavioral disorders, like alcoholism and clinical
depression, the genetic contribution can best be described as - ANSWERSpolygenic.
Symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) include - ANSWERSwidely spaced eyes
and flattened nose.
