Rasmussen Pathophysiology Exam 1
Practice Questions with Expert
Graded A+ Answers
1. function of mitochondria - ANSWER ATP production/cellular respiration,
powerhouse of the cell
2. Rough ER - ANSWER That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded
with ribosomes.
3. Smooth ER - ANSWER That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is
free of ribosomes.
4. Homeostasis - ANSWER A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant
internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood
glucose, around a particular level
5. Hypertrophy - ANSWER increase in muscle/tissue size, excessive
development
6. Effect of hypertonic solution - ANSWER cell shrinks and can die
7. effect of a hypotonic solution - ANSWER cell swells and can burst
8. active immunity - ANSWER A form of acquired immunity in which the
body produces its own antibodies against disease-causing antigens.
,9. passive immunity - ANSWER An individual does not produce his or her
own antibodies, but rather receives them directly from another source, such
as mother to infant through breast milk
10.Examples of active immunity - ANSWER natural infection, vaccines,
11.Examples of passive immunity - ANSWER IgA in breast milk, maternal
IgG crossing placenta, antitoxin, humanized monoclonal antibody
12.acquired immunity - ANSWER Immunity that is present only after exposure
and is highly specific.
13.examples of acquired immunity - ANSWER 1) having the infection 2)
vaccination
14.innate immunity - ANSWER Immunity that is present before exposure and
effective from birth. Responds to a broad range of pathogens.
15.Examples of innate immunity - ANSWER skin, hair, cilia, mucus
membranes, digestive enzymes, stomach acidity, inflammatory response,
fever, inflammation
16.5 P's of compartment syndrome - ANSWER pain, pallor, pulselessness,
paralysis, paresthesia
17.Signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome - ANSWER severe pain or
burning sensation
decreased strength in the extremity
,paralysis of the extremity
pain with movement
extremity feeling hard to palpation
distal pulses, motor and sensory function possibly normal
emergency care focuses on treating any life threatening injuries first:
immobilize and splint the affected extremity and apply a cold pack or ice
it is extremely important to transport the patient since he may lose the limb if
compartment syndrome is not treated quickly and effectively
18.Osteoarthritis - ANSWER inflammation of the bones and joints
19.Causes of osteoarthritis - ANSWER -Heredity
-Obesity
-Injury
-Joint overuse
20.atrophy - ANSWER the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any
progressive decline or failure; to waste away
21.Ischemia - ANSWER an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the
body, especially the heart muscles.
22.S/S of Objective Data - ANSWER Any observations made by using your
senses (pts. blood pressure, physical findings, and lab values)
23.S/S of Subjective Data - ANSWER Any symptoms pt. complains of, what
the pt. feels (pain)
, 24.Epinephrine - ANSWER Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla
in response to stress. Also known as adrenaline.
25.Renin - ANSWER hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure
by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
26.What causes edema? - ANSWER -reduced concentration of plasma proteins
-increased permeability of capillary wall
-increased venous pressure
-blockage of lymph vessels
27.Signs and symptoms of fluid excess - ANSWER edema, dysnpea (trouble
breathing), hypertension (high bp), JVD, pulse increase and bounding,
weight increase
28.Signs and symptoms of dehydration - ANSWER Dry mucous membranes,
decreased skin turgor, Low BP, Low pulse, fatigue, Increased HCT,
decreased mental function, confusion, and loss of consciousness
29.S/S of hypocalcemia - ANSWER - muscle twitches/tetany
- hyperactive DTRs
- positive Chvostek's sign (tapping on the facial nerve triggering facial
twitching)
- positive Trousseau's sign (hand/finger spasms with sustained blood
pressure cuff inflation)
- seizures
30.Osmosis - ANSWER Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable
membrane
Practice Questions with Expert
Graded A+ Answers
1. function of mitochondria - ANSWER ATP production/cellular respiration,
powerhouse of the cell
2. Rough ER - ANSWER That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded
with ribosomes.
3. Smooth ER - ANSWER That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is
free of ribosomes.
4. Homeostasis - ANSWER A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant
internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood
glucose, around a particular level
5. Hypertrophy - ANSWER increase in muscle/tissue size, excessive
development
6. Effect of hypertonic solution - ANSWER cell shrinks and can die
7. effect of a hypotonic solution - ANSWER cell swells and can burst
8. active immunity - ANSWER A form of acquired immunity in which the
body produces its own antibodies against disease-causing antigens.
,9. passive immunity - ANSWER An individual does not produce his or her
own antibodies, but rather receives them directly from another source, such
as mother to infant through breast milk
10.Examples of active immunity - ANSWER natural infection, vaccines,
11.Examples of passive immunity - ANSWER IgA in breast milk, maternal
IgG crossing placenta, antitoxin, humanized monoclonal antibody
12.acquired immunity - ANSWER Immunity that is present only after exposure
and is highly specific.
13.examples of acquired immunity - ANSWER 1) having the infection 2)
vaccination
14.innate immunity - ANSWER Immunity that is present before exposure and
effective from birth. Responds to a broad range of pathogens.
15.Examples of innate immunity - ANSWER skin, hair, cilia, mucus
membranes, digestive enzymes, stomach acidity, inflammatory response,
fever, inflammation
16.5 P's of compartment syndrome - ANSWER pain, pallor, pulselessness,
paralysis, paresthesia
17.Signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome - ANSWER severe pain or
burning sensation
decreased strength in the extremity
,paralysis of the extremity
pain with movement
extremity feeling hard to palpation
distal pulses, motor and sensory function possibly normal
emergency care focuses on treating any life threatening injuries first:
immobilize and splint the affected extremity and apply a cold pack or ice
it is extremely important to transport the patient since he may lose the limb if
compartment syndrome is not treated quickly and effectively
18.Osteoarthritis - ANSWER inflammation of the bones and joints
19.Causes of osteoarthritis - ANSWER -Heredity
-Obesity
-Injury
-Joint overuse
20.atrophy - ANSWER the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any
progressive decline or failure; to waste away
21.Ischemia - ANSWER an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the
body, especially the heart muscles.
22.S/S of Objective Data - ANSWER Any observations made by using your
senses (pts. blood pressure, physical findings, and lab values)
23.S/S of Subjective Data - ANSWER Any symptoms pt. complains of, what
the pt. feels (pain)
, 24.Epinephrine - ANSWER Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla
in response to stress. Also known as adrenaline.
25.Renin - ANSWER hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure
by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
26.What causes edema? - ANSWER -reduced concentration of plasma proteins
-increased permeability of capillary wall
-increased venous pressure
-blockage of lymph vessels
27.Signs and symptoms of fluid excess - ANSWER edema, dysnpea (trouble
breathing), hypertension (high bp), JVD, pulse increase and bounding,
weight increase
28.Signs and symptoms of dehydration - ANSWER Dry mucous membranes,
decreased skin turgor, Low BP, Low pulse, fatigue, Increased HCT,
decreased mental function, confusion, and loss of consciousness
29.S/S of hypocalcemia - ANSWER - muscle twitches/tetany
- hyperactive DTRs
- positive Chvostek's sign (tapping on the facial nerve triggering facial
twitching)
- positive Trousseau's sign (hand/finger spasms with sustained blood
pressure cuff inflation)
- seizures
30.Osmosis - ANSWER Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable
membrane
