NEU 365D EXAM 1 || Faultless Answers 100%.
pharmacology correct answers study of the fate & actions of drugs in the body; overlap of
pharmacy & therapeutics
dose response curve correct answers fundamental principle that drug activity vs. drug dosage
follows a sigmoidal curve
homeopathy correct answers an alternative medicine system that uses highly diluted substances
for treatment; goes against the dose response curve
galenicals correct answers natural preparations; relatively crude preparations obtained by drying
or extracting organic material
pure compounds correct answers species isolated from natural sources by extraction &
purification
galenicals vs. pure compounds correct answers galenicals - crude natural preparations - batch-to-
batch variance, espeically in concentration
pure compounds - extracted & purified preparations - more consistent since you have the pure
known substance
semisynthetic compounds correct answers chemically modified pure compounds with increased
efficacy
purely synthetic compounds correct answers species that are either not derived from a natural
compound, or were, but are seriously modified/transformed
list the 5 major means of drug exposure correct answers - medical prescriptions
,- over-the-counter sales
- nonmedical/recreational use
- industrial use
- agricultural use
- accidental or intentional dosing
types of drug nomenclature correct answers - chemical names: the exact "IUPAC" chemical
name
- nonproprietary (generic) names: official drug names; most commonly used since they refer to
specific compounds
- proprietary names: names given by companies; multiple proprietary names can refer to the
same drug
- common names: names given by the public
topical administration + traits correct answers drug is applied to a specific place for localized
administration
- drugs applied to mucous membrane are absorbed quickly & may have systemic effects
percutaneous administration + traits correct answers drug is absorbed through the skin for
systemic effect
- absorbance is directly proportional to lipid solubility
- allows for slow, long-lasting drug administration
oral mucosa administration + other names + traits correct answers (aka. sublingual or buccal)
drugs are eaten, but not swallowed
- rapid absorption
- not subject to digestive fluids or the first pass effect
, the first pass effect correct answers when consumed drugs move from the GI tract to the
bloodstream to the liver for metabolism before it enters systemic circulation
stomach & intestinal administration + other names + traits correct answers (aka. oral; per os;
p.o.) drug is swallowed & digested
- most absorption occurs in the small intestine due to its large surface area for absorption
- absorption rate depends on pH, gastric emptying rate, intestinal motility, solid drug dissolution
rate, drug solution concentration, drug stability in GI fluids, etc.
rectal mucosa administration + other name + traits correct answers (aka. suppositories) drug
absorption via the rectum or vagina
- best for infants, animals, & unconscious/nauseous/unwilling patients
- bypasses the first pass effect
pulmonary epithelium + traits correct answers drug absorption via inhalation of gases, vapors, &
aerosols
- fast onset of action, topical or systemic effects, easily expelled via exhalation
what is the gold standard of drug administration, & why? does it have flaws? correct answers
injections; fast onset & predictable absorption
- flaws: strict asepsis, pain, expense, psychological difficulty
subcutaneous injections + acronym + traits + limitations correct answers (s.c.) injecting into
subcutaneous skin layer
- slow & even drug absorption for long-lasting effects (especially if drug is in solution & leaves
it slowly once injected)
- only used for non-irritating drugs in small volumes
intramuscular injections + acronym + types correct answers (i.v.) injecting into a blood vessel
pharmacology correct answers study of the fate & actions of drugs in the body; overlap of
pharmacy & therapeutics
dose response curve correct answers fundamental principle that drug activity vs. drug dosage
follows a sigmoidal curve
homeopathy correct answers an alternative medicine system that uses highly diluted substances
for treatment; goes against the dose response curve
galenicals correct answers natural preparations; relatively crude preparations obtained by drying
or extracting organic material
pure compounds correct answers species isolated from natural sources by extraction &
purification
galenicals vs. pure compounds correct answers galenicals - crude natural preparations - batch-to-
batch variance, espeically in concentration
pure compounds - extracted & purified preparations - more consistent since you have the pure
known substance
semisynthetic compounds correct answers chemically modified pure compounds with increased
efficacy
purely synthetic compounds correct answers species that are either not derived from a natural
compound, or were, but are seriously modified/transformed
list the 5 major means of drug exposure correct answers - medical prescriptions
,- over-the-counter sales
- nonmedical/recreational use
- industrial use
- agricultural use
- accidental or intentional dosing
types of drug nomenclature correct answers - chemical names: the exact "IUPAC" chemical
name
- nonproprietary (generic) names: official drug names; most commonly used since they refer to
specific compounds
- proprietary names: names given by companies; multiple proprietary names can refer to the
same drug
- common names: names given by the public
topical administration + traits correct answers drug is applied to a specific place for localized
administration
- drugs applied to mucous membrane are absorbed quickly & may have systemic effects
percutaneous administration + traits correct answers drug is absorbed through the skin for
systemic effect
- absorbance is directly proportional to lipid solubility
- allows for slow, long-lasting drug administration
oral mucosa administration + other names + traits correct answers (aka. sublingual or buccal)
drugs are eaten, but not swallowed
- rapid absorption
- not subject to digestive fluids or the first pass effect
, the first pass effect correct answers when consumed drugs move from the GI tract to the
bloodstream to the liver for metabolism before it enters systemic circulation
stomach & intestinal administration + other names + traits correct answers (aka. oral; per os;
p.o.) drug is swallowed & digested
- most absorption occurs in the small intestine due to its large surface area for absorption
- absorption rate depends on pH, gastric emptying rate, intestinal motility, solid drug dissolution
rate, drug solution concentration, drug stability in GI fluids, etc.
rectal mucosa administration + other name + traits correct answers (aka. suppositories) drug
absorption via the rectum or vagina
- best for infants, animals, & unconscious/nauseous/unwilling patients
- bypasses the first pass effect
pulmonary epithelium + traits correct answers drug absorption via inhalation of gases, vapors, &
aerosols
- fast onset of action, topical or systemic effects, easily expelled via exhalation
what is the gold standard of drug administration, & why? does it have flaws? correct answers
injections; fast onset & predictable absorption
- flaws: strict asepsis, pain, expense, psychological difficulty
subcutaneous injections + acronym + traits + limitations correct answers (s.c.) injecting into
subcutaneous skin layer
- slow & even drug absorption for long-lasting effects (especially if drug is in solution & leaves
it slowly once injected)
- only used for non-irritating drugs in small volumes
intramuscular injections + acronym + types correct answers (i.v.) injecting into a blood vessel
