Psychology 101 Actual Questions and Correct Answers
Q1
Social psychology
the branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are
influenced by others
Q2
Attributions
inferences that people draw about the causes of events, others' behavior, and their own behavior
Q3
Internal attributions
ascribe the causes of behavior to personal dispositions, traits, abilities, and feelings
Q4
External attributions
ascribe the causes of behavior to situational demands and environmental constraints
Q5
Weiner's model of attributions for success and failure
assumes that people's explanations for success and failure emphasize internal vs. external causes and
stable vs. unstable causes (four categories: internal-stable, internal-unstable, external stable, and
external-unstable)
Q6
Fundamental attribution error
observers' bias in favor of internal attributions rather than external attributions in explaining others'
behavior; in general, actors favor external attributions for their behavior, while observers are more
likely to explain the same behavior with internal attributions
,Q7
Self-serving bias
tendency to attribute one's successes to personal factors and one's failures to situational factors
Q8
Individualism
putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal
attributes rather than group membership
Q9
Collectivism
putting group goals ahead of personal goals and defining one's identity in terms of the groups one
belongs to
Q10
Group
consists of two or more individuals who interact and are interdependent
Q11
Bystander effect
people are less likely to provide needed help when they are in groups than when they are alone,
caused by diffusion of responsibility
Q12
Factors that contribute to reduced individual productivity in larger groups
reduced efficiency resulting from loss of coordination, social loafing
Q13
Social loafing
the tendency to exert less effort when working on a group task, as compared with then they work by
themselves, in which individual contributions cannot be identified Caused by diffusion of
responsibility and because you think others will put in maximum effort
, Q14
Group polarization
when group discussion strengthens a group's dominant point of view and produces a shift toward a
more extreme decision in that direction
Q15
Groupthink
when members of a cohesive group emphasize concurrence at the expense of critical thinking in
arriving at a decision; groups censors dissent at the pressure to conform increases and soon everyone
begins to think alike
Q16
Group cohesiveness
the strength of the liking relationships linking group members to each other and to the group itself
Q17
Conformity
when people yield to real or imagined social pressures; key determinants are group size and group
unanimity
Q18
Normative influence
when people conform to social norms for fear of negative social consequences, about being liked
Q19
Informational influence
when people look to others for guidance about how to behave in ambiguous situations, about being
right
Q20
Obedience
a form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands, usually from someone in a
position of authority
Q1
Social psychology
the branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are
influenced by others
Q2
Attributions
inferences that people draw about the causes of events, others' behavior, and their own behavior
Q3
Internal attributions
ascribe the causes of behavior to personal dispositions, traits, abilities, and feelings
Q4
External attributions
ascribe the causes of behavior to situational demands and environmental constraints
Q5
Weiner's model of attributions for success and failure
assumes that people's explanations for success and failure emphasize internal vs. external causes and
stable vs. unstable causes (four categories: internal-stable, internal-unstable, external stable, and
external-unstable)
Q6
Fundamental attribution error
observers' bias in favor of internal attributions rather than external attributions in explaining others'
behavior; in general, actors favor external attributions for their behavior, while observers are more
likely to explain the same behavior with internal attributions
,Q7
Self-serving bias
tendency to attribute one's successes to personal factors and one's failures to situational factors
Q8
Individualism
putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal
attributes rather than group membership
Q9
Collectivism
putting group goals ahead of personal goals and defining one's identity in terms of the groups one
belongs to
Q10
Group
consists of two or more individuals who interact and are interdependent
Q11
Bystander effect
people are less likely to provide needed help when they are in groups than when they are alone,
caused by diffusion of responsibility
Q12
Factors that contribute to reduced individual productivity in larger groups
reduced efficiency resulting from loss of coordination, social loafing
Q13
Social loafing
the tendency to exert less effort when working on a group task, as compared with then they work by
themselves, in which individual contributions cannot be identified Caused by diffusion of
responsibility and because you think others will put in maximum effort
, Q14
Group polarization
when group discussion strengthens a group's dominant point of view and produces a shift toward a
more extreme decision in that direction
Q15
Groupthink
when members of a cohesive group emphasize concurrence at the expense of critical thinking in
arriving at a decision; groups censors dissent at the pressure to conform increases and soon everyone
begins to think alike
Q16
Group cohesiveness
the strength of the liking relationships linking group members to each other and to the group itself
Q17
Conformity
when people yield to real or imagined social pressures; key determinants are group size and group
unanimity
Q18
Normative influence
when people conform to social norms for fear of negative social consequences, about being liked
Q19
Informational influence
when people look to others for guidance about how to behave in ambiguous situations, about being
right
Q20
Obedience
a form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands, usually from someone in a
position of authority
