, NURS 6501 Midterm Exam | Advanced
Pathophysiology (2026) Q&A | Walden University
1. A patient with chronic hypertension develops left ventricular hypertrophy.
This adaptive change is best described as:
A) Hypertrophy
B) Hyperplasia
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
Correct Answer: Hypertrophy
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of individual cells in response
to increased workload. Chronic hypertension increases afterload on the left
ventricle, causing myocardial cells to enlarge. Hyperplasia is an increase in cell
number, atrophy is a decrease in cell size, and metaplasia is replacement of one
cell type with another.
2. Which process allows a cell to engulf large particles by extending its
cytoplasm around them?
A) Pinocytosis
B) Phagocytosis
C) Exocytosis
D) Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Correct Answer: Phagocytosis
Pathophysiology (2026) Q&A | Walden University
1. A patient with chronic hypertension develops left ventricular hypertrophy.
This adaptive change is best described as:
A) Hypertrophy
B) Hyperplasia
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
Correct Answer: Hypertrophy
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of individual cells in response
to increased workload. Chronic hypertension increases afterload on the left
ventricle, causing myocardial cells to enlarge. Hyperplasia is an increase in cell
number, atrophy is a decrease in cell size, and metaplasia is replacement of one
cell type with another.
2. Which process allows a cell to engulf large particles by extending its
cytoplasm around them?
A) Pinocytosis
B) Phagocytosis
C) Exocytosis
D) Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Correct Answer: Phagocytosis
