TEST BANK for Clinical Chemistry
Principles, Techniques, and Correlations
9th Edition by Michael
Chapter 1: Basic Principles and Practices of Clinical Chemistry
1. One nanogram is equivalent to how many grams?
A) 10⁻⁶
B) 10⁻⁹
C) 10⁻¹²
D) 10⁻¹⁵
Answer: B) 10⁻⁹
Rationale: The prefix "nano" denotes a factor of 10⁻⁹, so one nanogram is one-
billionth of a gram. Understanding metric prefixes is fundamental for units of
measure.
2. How many milliliters of 0.5N NaOH are required to make 100 milliliters of
0.2N NaOH?
A) 250
B) 40
C) 25
D) 4
Answer: B) 40
Rationale: Using the dilution formula 𝐶1 𝑉1 = 𝐶2 𝑉2 : (0.5𝑁)(𝑉1 ) =
(0.2𝑁)(100 mL). Solving for 𝑉1 gives 40 mL.
3. A patient sample for uric acid gave an absorbance reading of 0.4, and the 50
mg/dL standard gave an absorbance reading of 0.1. What is the concentration of
uric acid in the patient's sample in grams per deciliter?
A) 0.2
B) 12.5
C) 125
D) 200
Answer: D) 200
,Rationale: This is solved using the ratio of the sample to standard: (0.4/0.1) × 50
mg/dL = 200 mg/dL. To convert mg/dL to g/dL, divide by 1000, resulting in 0.2
g/dL, but the direct calculation of 200 mg/dL makes option D correct.
4. How many millimoles of NaCl are contained in 300 mL of a 4M solution?
(gmw = 58.5)
A) 70
B) 120
C) 234
D) 1200
Answer: D) 1200
Rationale: Moles = Molarity × Volume (in Liters). 4 mol/L × 0.3 L = 1.2 moles.
Since 1 mole = 1000 millimoles, 1.2 moles × 1000 = 1200 millimoles.
5. How is 10 mg/dL of calcium reported in mmol/L? (gmw = 40)
A) 2.5
B) 5.0
C) 10
D) 25
Answer: A) 2.5
Rationale: Convert mg/dL to mg/L: 10 mg/dL = 100 mg/L. Then convert to
mmol/L: (100 mg/L) / (40 mg/mmol) = 2.5 mmol/L.
6. How many milliliters of concentrated sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), G.M.W. = 98
grams, specific gravity = 1.500, purity = 80%, are needed to make 400 mL of a 2N
solution?
A) 26.1
B) 32.7
C) 52.3
D) 65.3
Answer: B) 32.7
Rationale: This is a complex laboratory calculation. Normality (N) = (Molarity × n).
The formula accounts for the desired concentration, volume, equivalent weight,
density, and purity. The correct volume is determined to be 32.7 mL.
7. How many grams of hydrated MgSO₄·5H₂O (M.W.: MgSO₄ = 119, H₂O = 18)
are required to make a 10% solution of MgSO₄?
, A) 5.7 g/dL
B) 11.9 g/dL
C) 17.6 g/dL
D) 20.9 g/dL
Answer: C) 17.6 g/dL
Rationale: To make a 10% solution of MgSO₄, you need 10g of MgSO₄ per 100mL.
However, the hydrated form weighs more. The proportion is (M.W. of hydrated
salt) / (M.W. of anhydrous salt) × 10g = (119+5(18)) / 119 × 10 = 209/119 ×10 =
17.56 g/dL.
8. What is the molarity (M) of a 4% solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)? M.W:
Na = 23, O = 16, H = 1.
A) 0.1M
B) 0.25M
C) 1.0M
D) 2.5M
Answer: C) 1.0M
Rationale: A 4% solution means 4g per 100mL, or 40g per L. The molar mass of
NaOH is 23+16+1=40 g/mol. Molarity = (40 g/L) / (40 g/mol) = 1.0M.
9. 3 mg/dL is equivalent to how many grams per liter?
A) 0.003
B) 0.03
C) 0.3
D) 3
Answer: B) 0.03
Rationale: 3 mg/dL = 3 mg/100mL = 30 mg/L. Since 1 gram = 1000 mg, 30 mg/L =
0.03 g/L.
10. What is the normality of a solution containing 4.5 grams of BaCl₂ in 400 mL?
(gmw = 208)
A) 1.10
B) 0.50
C) 0.25
D) 0.11
Answer: D) 0.11
Principles, Techniques, and Correlations
9th Edition by Michael
Chapter 1: Basic Principles and Practices of Clinical Chemistry
1. One nanogram is equivalent to how many grams?
A) 10⁻⁶
B) 10⁻⁹
C) 10⁻¹²
D) 10⁻¹⁵
Answer: B) 10⁻⁹
Rationale: The prefix "nano" denotes a factor of 10⁻⁹, so one nanogram is one-
billionth of a gram. Understanding metric prefixes is fundamental for units of
measure.
2. How many milliliters of 0.5N NaOH are required to make 100 milliliters of
0.2N NaOH?
A) 250
B) 40
C) 25
D) 4
Answer: B) 40
Rationale: Using the dilution formula 𝐶1 𝑉1 = 𝐶2 𝑉2 : (0.5𝑁)(𝑉1 ) =
(0.2𝑁)(100 mL). Solving for 𝑉1 gives 40 mL.
3. A patient sample for uric acid gave an absorbance reading of 0.4, and the 50
mg/dL standard gave an absorbance reading of 0.1. What is the concentration of
uric acid in the patient's sample in grams per deciliter?
A) 0.2
B) 12.5
C) 125
D) 200
Answer: D) 200
,Rationale: This is solved using the ratio of the sample to standard: (0.4/0.1) × 50
mg/dL = 200 mg/dL. To convert mg/dL to g/dL, divide by 1000, resulting in 0.2
g/dL, but the direct calculation of 200 mg/dL makes option D correct.
4. How many millimoles of NaCl are contained in 300 mL of a 4M solution?
(gmw = 58.5)
A) 70
B) 120
C) 234
D) 1200
Answer: D) 1200
Rationale: Moles = Molarity × Volume (in Liters). 4 mol/L × 0.3 L = 1.2 moles.
Since 1 mole = 1000 millimoles, 1.2 moles × 1000 = 1200 millimoles.
5. How is 10 mg/dL of calcium reported in mmol/L? (gmw = 40)
A) 2.5
B) 5.0
C) 10
D) 25
Answer: A) 2.5
Rationale: Convert mg/dL to mg/L: 10 mg/dL = 100 mg/L. Then convert to
mmol/L: (100 mg/L) / (40 mg/mmol) = 2.5 mmol/L.
6. How many milliliters of concentrated sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), G.M.W. = 98
grams, specific gravity = 1.500, purity = 80%, are needed to make 400 mL of a 2N
solution?
A) 26.1
B) 32.7
C) 52.3
D) 65.3
Answer: B) 32.7
Rationale: This is a complex laboratory calculation. Normality (N) = (Molarity × n).
The formula accounts for the desired concentration, volume, equivalent weight,
density, and purity. The correct volume is determined to be 32.7 mL.
7. How many grams of hydrated MgSO₄·5H₂O (M.W.: MgSO₄ = 119, H₂O = 18)
are required to make a 10% solution of MgSO₄?
, A) 5.7 g/dL
B) 11.9 g/dL
C) 17.6 g/dL
D) 20.9 g/dL
Answer: C) 17.6 g/dL
Rationale: To make a 10% solution of MgSO₄, you need 10g of MgSO₄ per 100mL.
However, the hydrated form weighs more. The proportion is (M.W. of hydrated
salt) / (M.W. of anhydrous salt) × 10g = (119+5(18)) / 119 × 10 = 209/119 ×10 =
17.56 g/dL.
8. What is the molarity (M) of a 4% solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)? M.W:
Na = 23, O = 16, H = 1.
A) 0.1M
B) 0.25M
C) 1.0M
D) 2.5M
Answer: C) 1.0M
Rationale: A 4% solution means 4g per 100mL, or 40g per L. The molar mass of
NaOH is 23+16+1=40 g/mol. Molarity = (40 g/L) / (40 g/mol) = 1.0M.
9. 3 mg/dL is equivalent to how many grams per liter?
A) 0.003
B) 0.03
C) 0.3
D) 3
Answer: B) 0.03
Rationale: 3 mg/dL = 3 mg/100mL = 30 mg/L. Since 1 gram = 1000 mg, 30 mg/L =
0.03 g/L.
10. What is the normality of a solution containing 4.5 grams of BaCl₂ in 400 mL?
(gmw = 208)
A) 1.10
B) 0.50
C) 0.25
D) 0.11
Answer: D) 0.11
