MCB 100: Exam 4 Questions and Correct Answers
biosecurity laboratory containment levels
1, 2, 3, 4(high risk)
-indicate the types of work practices allowed to take place in a lab setting; also influence
deisgn of a falcility and type of safety equipment
-risks related to containment
-severity of potential infections
-origin of microbe, host specificty
-route of exposure, transmissibily of microbe
-nature of work conducted in lab
biosafety level 1
lab adapted non pathogenic E coli, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus thuringienis
-handling pathogens that do not cause disease in healthy humans
-precautions include handwashing with soap and disinfecting surfaces
-standard microbiological practices common to all labs:
no eating, drinking, apply makeup, washing hands, decontaminating surfaces
biosafety level 2
bordetella pertussis, pathogenic e.coli, salmonella, staphylococcus
-handling of moderately biohazardous agents in biosafety cabinets
-use PPE
-access to BSL-2 labs is limited to trained
-extreme precautions are taken with contaminated sharp objects
-procedures that might produce aerosols are conducted in biosafety cabinets
,biosafety level 3
bacillus anthracis, covid, TB, flu and plague
-handling highly pathogenic, infectious or toxic microbes is conducted in biosafety cabinents
using PPE
-using special facility where air leaving room filled with high efficiency particualte air filters
to prevent pathogen escape
-specific design features for lab, double set of door, lower inside air pressure, so air moves
into lab, not out of room
biosafety level 4
ebola, marbug virus,lassa virus, spanish flu
-handling highly infectious pathogens that cause deadly disease(no treatment)
-separate buildings and isolated from all areas of their building
-require special lab facilities with special air handling equipment and special PPE, space suits
with hoses that provide HEPA filtered air
-entry and exit of lab are controlled through electronically sealed airlocks with multiple
showers, vacuum room, UV light room
-suits and entire lab presurized and air handled so pathogens are swept away from workers
best defense to prevent pathogen from entering body in the first place
wash hands with soap, use PPE, avoid direct contact with sharps
sterilization
removal of all forms of life from surface or substance-achieved by treatment with heat,
chemicals, irradiation, high pressure or filtration. After, considered sterile or aseptic
disinfectants and antimicrobial agents
, many natural or artificial agents that can be used to kill or slow down growth of microbes
natural-antibiotics, natural acids such as vinegar or citrus juice, alcohols
artificial-chemicals, drugs, detergents, gasses
-some can only be used on inanimate objects, some only on body surface, some safe to ingest
antimicrobials (antibiotics)
any substances that kill or inhibit that growth of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, or
protists/parasites
-drugs that act against viruses are anti viral
Microbicial
kill the microbe
-lyse and kill bacteria
Microbiostatic
prevent growth of microbe but dont kill it
-stop or slow down growth
microbial death and death rates
death-permanant loss of reproductive ability of a microbe under ideal environmental
conditions
death rate- constant for any given microbe under a particular set of conditons
d value-amount of time it takes for each round of 90% of killing to occur
filtration
biosecurity laboratory containment levels
1, 2, 3, 4(high risk)
-indicate the types of work practices allowed to take place in a lab setting; also influence
deisgn of a falcility and type of safety equipment
-risks related to containment
-severity of potential infections
-origin of microbe, host specificty
-route of exposure, transmissibily of microbe
-nature of work conducted in lab
biosafety level 1
lab adapted non pathogenic E coli, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus thuringienis
-handling pathogens that do not cause disease in healthy humans
-precautions include handwashing with soap and disinfecting surfaces
-standard microbiological practices common to all labs:
no eating, drinking, apply makeup, washing hands, decontaminating surfaces
biosafety level 2
bordetella pertussis, pathogenic e.coli, salmonella, staphylococcus
-handling of moderately biohazardous agents in biosafety cabinets
-use PPE
-access to BSL-2 labs is limited to trained
-extreme precautions are taken with contaminated sharp objects
-procedures that might produce aerosols are conducted in biosafety cabinets
,biosafety level 3
bacillus anthracis, covid, TB, flu and plague
-handling highly pathogenic, infectious or toxic microbes is conducted in biosafety cabinents
using PPE
-using special facility where air leaving room filled with high efficiency particualte air filters
to prevent pathogen escape
-specific design features for lab, double set of door, lower inside air pressure, so air moves
into lab, not out of room
biosafety level 4
ebola, marbug virus,lassa virus, spanish flu
-handling highly infectious pathogens that cause deadly disease(no treatment)
-separate buildings and isolated from all areas of their building
-require special lab facilities with special air handling equipment and special PPE, space suits
with hoses that provide HEPA filtered air
-entry and exit of lab are controlled through electronically sealed airlocks with multiple
showers, vacuum room, UV light room
-suits and entire lab presurized and air handled so pathogens are swept away from workers
best defense to prevent pathogen from entering body in the first place
wash hands with soap, use PPE, avoid direct contact with sharps
sterilization
removal of all forms of life from surface or substance-achieved by treatment with heat,
chemicals, irradiation, high pressure or filtration. After, considered sterile or aseptic
disinfectants and antimicrobial agents
, many natural or artificial agents that can be used to kill or slow down growth of microbes
natural-antibiotics, natural acids such as vinegar or citrus juice, alcohols
artificial-chemicals, drugs, detergents, gasses
-some can only be used on inanimate objects, some only on body surface, some safe to ingest
antimicrobials (antibiotics)
any substances that kill or inhibit that growth of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, or
protists/parasites
-drugs that act against viruses are anti viral
Microbicial
kill the microbe
-lyse and kill bacteria
Microbiostatic
prevent growth of microbe but dont kill it
-stop or slow down growth
microbial death and death rates
death-permanant loss of reproductive ability of a microbe under ideal environmental
conditions
death rate- constant for any given microbe under a particular set of conditons
d value-amount of time it takes for each round of 90% of killing to occur
filtration
