BSC-1025C-12755 - Drugs Outline Exam
Questions and Correct Answers
Oral
taken by mouth.
Sublingual
absorbed from under the tongue.
Inhaled
(snorting, huffing)
Topical
patches, creams, absorbed from skin.
Injected
intravenous (directly into a vein), subcutaneous (under skin),
intramuscular (into a muscle).
Nervous System Basics
The nervous system (NS) is responsible for body responses to specific stimuli. These stimuli
originate from within the body or from the external environment.
Neurological pathway consists of:
Sensory Receptor Afferent Pathway CNS Efferent Pathway Effectors.
Central Nervous System = CNS:
The brain & spinal cord.
Functions for integration, decision-making.
Peripheral Nervous System = PNS
,Sensory, afferent division (incoming to CNS)
Motor, efferent division (outgoing from CNS)
Somatic
motor pathways influence voluntary muscle
Autonomic
pathways control involuntary & cardiac muscle & glands.
What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?
Autonomic pathways for reaction to stress.
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on heart rate?
Increases heart rate (HR).
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on blood pressure?
Increases blood pressure (BP).
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on respiratory rate?
Increases respiratory rate.
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on sweating?
Increases sweating.
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on pupil size?
Dilates pupils.
What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
It is responsible for autonomic pathways for maintenance.
What are the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system on heart rate?
It decreases heart rate (HR).
How does the parasympathetic nervous system affect blood pressure?
It decreases blood pressure (BP).
What effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on respiratory rates?
, It decreases respiratory rates.
What happens to pupils under the influence of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Pupils constrict (become smaller).
What digestive activities are facilitated by the parasympathetic nervous system?
It facilitates digestive activities.
The cells that send messages through the nervous system are called?
Neurons
Most neurons communicate by releasing chemicals called?
neurotransmitters (NTs).
Sympathetic NTs include?
Epinephrine (= adrenaline), Norepinephrine
Parasympathetic NTs include?
Acetylcholine (Ach), and GABA.
Some NTs associated with feelings of well-being are?
Dopamine, Serotonin, Endorphins, Enkephalins. And addiction often due to positive
reinforcement of dopamine release.
Drugs can mimic or antagonize (have opposite effects from) NTs and it is called?
mimetics and blockers. May block release or interfere with uptake of neurotransmitters.
Medicinal drugs may have multiple names:
brand, generic, chemical
Bayer (brand), aspirin (generic), salicylates (chemical).
Therapeutic
refers to desired medical effect.
Indication
therapeutic use.
Questions and Correct Answers
Oral
taken by mouth.
Sublingual
absorbed from under the tongue.
Inhaled
(snorting, huffing)
Topical
patches, creams, absorbed from skin.
Injected
intravenous (directly into a vein), subcutaneous (under skin),
intramuscular (into a muscle).
Nervous System Basics
The nervous system (NS) is responsible for body responses to specific stimuli. These stimuli
originate from within the body or from the external environment.
Neurological pathway consists of:
Sensory Receptor Afferent Pathway CNS Efferent Pathway Effectors.
Central Nervous System = CNS:
The brain & spinal cord.
Functions for integration, decision-making.
Peripheral Nervous System = PNS
,Sensory, afferent division (incoming to CNS)
Motor, efferent division (outgoing from CNS)
Somatic
motor pathways influence voluntary muscle
Autonomic
pathways control involuntary & cardiac muscle & glands.
What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?
Autonomic pathways for reaction to stress.
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on heart rate?
Increases heart rate (HR).
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on blood pressure?
Increases blood pressure (BP).
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on respiratory rate?
Increases respiratory rate.
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on sweating?
Increases sweating.
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on pupil size?
Dilates pupils.
What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
It is responsible for autonomic pathways for maintenance.
What are the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system on heart rate?
It decreases heart rate (HR).
How does the parasympathetic nervous system affect blood pressure?
It decreases blood pressure (BP).
What effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on respiratory rates?
, It decreases respiratory rates.
What happens to pupils under the influence of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Pupils constrict (become smaller).
What digestive activities are facilitated by the parasympathetic nervous system?
It facilitates digestive activities.
The cells that send messages through the nervous system are called?
Neurons
Most neurons communicate by releasing chemicals called?
neurotransmitters (NTs).
Sympathetic NTs include?
Epinephrine (= adrenaline), Norepinephrine
Parasympathetic NTs include?
Acetylcholine (Ach), and GABA.
Some NTs associated with feelings of well-being are?
Dopamine, Serotonin, Endorphins, Enkephalins. And addiction often due to positive
reinforcement of dopamine release.
Drugs can mimic or antagonize (have opposite effects from) NTs and it is called?
mimetics and blockers. May block release or interfere with uptake of neurotransmitters.
Medicinal drugs may have multiple names:
brand, generic, chemical
Bayer (brand), aspirin (generic), salicylates (chemical).
Therapeutic
refers to desired medical effect.
Indication
therapeutic use.
