Bio 1000 Exam 1 Vocab Questions and Correct
Answers
Evolution
Change in a population's genetic traits over generations
Microevolution
Small genetic changes within a population (change in allele frequency)
Macroevolution
Large-scale evolution over a long time, formation of new species and big patterns
Human Evolution
The evolutionary history of humans from earlier primate ancestors
Lineage to Homo Sapiens
The evolutionary line of species that led directly to modern humans
Convergent Evolution
Unrelated species evolve similar traits because they live in similar environments
Transitional Forms
Fossils showing intermediate traits between ancestral and newer groups
Endemic Forms
Species found only in one specific geographic area
Vertical descent
Genes passed from parent to offspring
Horizontal gene transfer
Genes transferred between unrelated organisms (not parent to offspring)
Alleles
, Different versions of a gene (basically an isotope: gene version)
Polymorphic
When two or more alleles exist in a population at noticeable frequency
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
A model showing when evolution is NOT happening (allele frequencies stay constant if
certain conditions are met)
Natural selection
Individuals with helpful traits survive and reproduce more
Types of selection
-Directional
-Stabilizing
-Disruptive
Directional selection
Favors one extreme
Stabilizing selection
Favors the average
Disruptive selection
Favors both extremes
Types of isolation
-Prezygotic
-Postzygotic
Prezygotic isolation
Prevents mating/fertilization
Postzygotic isolation
Fertilization happens, but the offspring aren't viable or fertile
Answers
Evolution
Change in a population's genetic traits over generations
Microevolution
Small genetic changes within a population (change in allele frequency)
Macroevolution
Large-scale evolution over a long time, formation of new species and big patterns
Human Evolution
The evolutionary history of humans from earlier primate ancestors
Lineage to Homo Sapiens
The evolutionary line of species that led directly to modern humans
Convergent Evolution
Unrelated species evolve similar traits because they live in similar environments
Transitional Forms
Fossils showing intermediate traits between ancestral and newer groups
Endemic Forms
Species found only in one specific geographic area
Vertical descent
Genes passed from parent to offspring
Horizontal gene transfer
Genes transferred between unrelated organisms (not parent to offspring)
Alleles
, Different versions of a gene (basically an isotope: gene version)
Polymorphic
When two or more alleles exist in a population at noticeable frequency
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
A model showing when evolution is NOT happening (allele frequencies stay constant if
certain conditions are met)
Natural selection
Individuals with helpful traits survive and reproduce more
Types of selection
-Directional
-Stabilizing
-Disruptive
Directional selection
Favors one extreme
Stabilizing selection
Favors the average
Disruptive selection
Favors both extremes
Types of isolation
-Prezygotic
-Postzygotic
Prezygotic isolation
Prevents mating/fertilization
Postzygotic isolation
Fertilization happens, but the offspring aren't viable or fertile
