BIOL 1000 Final EXAM Questions and Correct
Answers
What are the characteristics of living organisms?
Organized structure, acquire energy, maintain internal conditions, have inherited information
(DNA), composed of cells, respond to environment, and reproduce.
What is science?
A collection of unified insights about nature, supported by an array of facts.
What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?
A theory explains many observations and has not been disproven, while a hypothesis is a
tentative, testable explanation for an observed phenomenon.
What are the steps of the Scientific Method?
Observation, hypothesis, experiment/test, and conclusion.
What particles are found in an atom?
Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
What are the properties of water?
Water is essential for life, freezes at 0 degrees Celsius, has a high specific heat, and ice is less
dense than liquid water.
Why is pH important to living organisms?
pH affects biological processes; most organisms thrive at a pH of 6-8, with extremes in
specific organs like the stomach.
Why is carbon important in living organisms?
Carbon's unique chemical properties allow it to form complex molecules essential for life.
How are carbohydrates important to living organisms?
, They provide energy, store energy, offer structural support, and assist in cell communication.
How are lipids important to living organisms?
Lipids are crucial for energy storage, cell membrane structure, insulation, protection, and
hormone production.
What are the differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated fatty acids have only single C-C bonds, while unsaturated fatty acids have at least
one double C-C bond.
How are proteins important to living organisms?
Proteins provide structure, speed up reactions, transport materials, protect against disease,
send signals, and enable movement.
What are the functions of DNA and RNA?
DNA contains instructions for protein synthesis, while RNA carries these instructions to sites
in cells.
What are the monomers and polymers in carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids?
Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides (monomer) and polysaccharides (polymer); Proteins:
Amino acids (monomer) and polypeptides (polymer); Nucleic Acids: Nucleotides (monomer)
and DNA/RNA (polymer).
What are the similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotes are single-celled, lack nuclei and organelles, while eukaryotes have nuclei and
organelles and can be multicellular.
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
To regulate materials moving in and out of the cell.
What molecules can pass through the plasma membrane?
Hydrophobic molecules and very small hydrophilic molecules can pass through.
What is diffusion?
Answers
What are the characteristics of living organisms?
Organized structure, acquire energy, maintain internal conditions, have inherited information
(DNA), composed of cells, respond to environment, and reproduce.
What is science?
A collection of unified insights about nature, supported by an array of facts.
What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?
A theory explains many observations and has not been disproven, while a hypothesis is a
tentative, testable explanation for an observed phenomenon.
What are the steps of the Scientific Method?
Observation, hypothesis, experiment/test, and conclusion.
What particles are found in an atom?
Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
What are the properties of water?
Water is essential for life, freezes at 0 degrees Celsius, has a high specific heat, and ice is less
dense than liquid water.
Why is pH important to living organisms?
pH affects biological processes; most organisms thrive at a pH of 6-8, with extremes in
specific organs like the stomach.
Why is carbon important in living organisms?
Carbon's unique chemical properties allow it to form complex molecules essential for life.
How are carbohydrates important to living organisms?
, They provide energy, store energy, offer structural support, and assist in cell communication.
How are lipids important to living organisms?
Lipids are crucial for energy storage, cell membrane structure, insulation, protection, and
hormone production.
What are the differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated fatty acids have only single C-C bonds, while unsaturated fatty acids have at least
one double C-C bond.
How are proteins important to living organisms?
Proteins provide structure, speed up reactions, transport materials, protect against disease,
send signals, and enable movement.
What are the functions of DNA and RNA?
DNA contains instructions for protein synthesis, while RNA carries these instructions to sites
in cells.
What are the monomers and polymers in carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids?
Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides (monomer) and polysaccharides (polymer); Proteins:
Amino acids (monomer) and polypeptides (polymer); Nucleic Acids: Nucleotides (monomer)
and DNA/RNA (polymer).
What are the similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotes are single-celled, lack nuclei and organelles, while eukaryotes have nuclei and
organelles and can be multicellular.
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
To regulate materials moving in and out of the cell.
What molecules can pass through the plasma membrane?
Hydrophobic molecules and very small hydrophilic molecules can pass through.
What is diffusion?
