Explain the function of the concept of an operon, and the function of the promoter,
operator and repressor.
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-Operon: Organization of genes in the same metabolic pathway.
-Promoter: DNA sequence that interacts with RNA-pol
-Operator: DNA sequence that interacts with repressor.
-Repressor: Bind to operators and prevent or decrease the initiation of
transcription. They bind to a specific effector molecule that binds to the
repressor, elicit conformational change to enhance or abolish its binding to
DNA.
Describe the difference of primase activity on leading strand and lagging strand?
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, -DNA primase adds short RNA primer sequences 5'-3'
-In lagging strand, primer added for each Ozaki fragment
-RNA primer sequences provides attachment sites for DNA polymerase III.
Eventually, replaced with DNA sequences.
Covalent Bond
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Energy that holds two atoms together that results from the sharing of
valence electrons.
Ionic Bond
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Arise because opposite charges attract.
Explain the Meselson-Stahl experiment
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-Proved that DNA replicates through semi-conservative replication
The Monosaccharides:
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Glyceraldehyde, ribose, deoxyribose, glucose, fructose and galactose.
Describe how cyclic AMP is formed and how it propagates signal information in target
cells.
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-A second messenger; synthesized from ATP by the action of the enzyme
adenylyl cyclase.
-Cyclic AMP is formed from the binding of epinephrine to the plasma
membrane of a liver which elevates the cytosolic concentration of cyclic
AMP. -When it is created cAMP broadcasts the signal to the cytoplasm.
Protein Structure (Tertiary)
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-Overall structure of s single polypeptide
-The overall three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide
Results from interactions between side chains (r groups).
Distinguish between the standard image of a condensed chromosome, as seen during
mitosis, and the nature of the same chromosome during interphase
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, interphase is when replication occurs, mitosis pairs of chromosomes
Why is NADPH needed in the calvin cycle?
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While glucose contains many hydrogens, CO2 and thus PGA do not. IN the
reduction step, hydrogens and electrons from NADPH are used to reduce
PGA to G3P.
SUMMARY OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
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Glycolysis:
*In: Glucose
*Out: Pyruvate, ATP and NADH
Pyruvate:
*In: Pyruvate
*Out: CO2, acetyl-CoA and NADH
Krebs Cycle:
*In: Acetyl-CoA
*Out: CO2, ATP, NADH and FADH2
ETC:
*In: O2, NADH and FADH2
*Out: H2O and ATP out
Cells are mostly made up of what element?
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operator and repressor.
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-Operon: Organization of genes in the same metabolic pathway.
-Promoter: DNA sequence that interacts with RNA-pol
-Operator: DNA sequence that interacts with repressor.
-Repressor: Bind to operators and prevent or decrease the initiation of
transcription. They bind to a specific effector molecule that binds to the
repressor, elicit conformational change to enhance or abolish its binding to
DNA.
Describe the difference of primase activity on leading strand and lagging strand?
Give this one a try later!
, -DNA primase adds short RNA primer sequences 5'-3'
-In lagging strand, primer added for each Ozaki fragment
-RNA primer sequences provides attachment sites for DNA polymerase III.
Eventually, replaced with DNA sequences.
Covalent Bond
Give this one a try later!
Energy that holds two atoms together that results from the sharing of
valence electrons.
Ionic Bond
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Arise because opposite charges attract.
Explain the Meselson-Stahl experiment
Give this one a try later!
-Proved that DNA replicates through semi-conservative replication
The Monosaccharides:
,Give this one a try later!
Glyceraldehyde, ribose, deoxyribose, glucose, fructose and galactose.
Describe how cyclic AMP is formed and how it propagates signal information in target
cells.
Give this one a try later!
-A second messenger; synthesized from ATP by the action of the enzyme
adenylyl cyclase.
-Cyclic AMP is formed from the binding of epinephrine to the plasma
membrane of a liver which elevates the cytosolic concentration of cyclic
AMP. -When it is created cAMP broadcasts the signal to the cytoplasm.
Protein Structure (Tertiary)
Give this one a try later!
-Overall structure of s single polypeptide
-The overall three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide
Results from interactions between side chains (r groups).
Distinguish between the standard image of a condensed chromosome, as seen during
mitosis, and the nature of the same chromosome during interphase
Give this one a try later!
, interphase is when replication occurs, mitosis pairs of chromosomes
Why is NADPH needed in the calvin cycle?
Give this one a try later!
While glucose contains many hydrogens, CO2 and thus PGA do not. IN the
reduction step, hydrogens and electrons from NADPH are used to reduce
PGA to G3P.
SUMMARY OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Give this one a try later!
Glycolysis:
*In: Glucose
*Out: Pyruvate, ATP and NADH
Pyruvate:
*In: Pyruvate
*Out: CO2, acetyl-CoA and NADH
Krebs Cycle:
*In: Acetyl-CoA
*Out: CO2, ATP, NADH and FADH2
ETC:
*In: O2, NADH and FADH2
*Out: H2O and ATP out
Cells are mostly made up of what element?
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