MED SURG 120/NURS 120 FINAL EXAM
(2025/2026) QUESTIONS AND (elaborated)
ANSWETRS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
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trans-cultural nursing providing care to patients and families across cultural variations. Acknowledge,
respect, & adapt to patient.
Culture can strongly influence a patients thinking, doing, and being.
Five signs of inflammation redness, warmth, swelling, pain, loss of function.
sequence of events of inflammation vasodilation, increased vascular permeability (increased plasma), & leukocyte
cellular infiltration
Repairative processbegins at same time as injury**
cultural nursing assessment Systematic way to identify the beliefs, values, meanings, and behaviors of people
while considering their history, life experiences, and the social and physical
environments in which they live.
"Know Thyself" know your own cultural attitudes, beliefs. Recognize that every
one has cultural "baggage" do not judge anyone for their beliefs
, Blood Transfusion blood must be started within 15-20 minutes from obtaining the blood.
18G needle prefered (20 or higher can be used)
Blood Transfusion Consent A patient's written permission to receive blood or blood products. IF the patient is
unable to sign and it is an emergency situation two doctors can sign the consent.
Jehovah's Witness No blood products should be used
blood transfusion procedure any allergies?- type & cross match blood, check blood for bubbles, dark color, or
cloudiness- change IV line (per policy usually one or two units of blood per line)-
ID check by two nurses- baseline vitals- start with normal saline- run blood slowly
for first 15 minutes- stay with client for 15-30 min- recheck vital signs after 15 of
infusing blood- if no adverse affects increase rate- take vital signs every hour until
completed and then every 3 hours (or per facility protocol)- inform pt to report
any s/s of reactions
reactions during blood transfusion stop the blood first! restart saline, notify health care provider, may use supportive
care (benadryl, oxygen, corticosteriods)
Electrolyte values Sodium: 135-145 (-natremia)
Chloride: 96-106 (-chloremia)
Calcium: 8.5-10.5 (-calcemia)
Potassium: 3.5-5.5 (-kalemia)
Magnesium: 1.5-2.5 (-magnesemia)
Phosphorus: 2.7-4.5 (-phosphatemia)
FVD (fluid volume deficit) hypovolemia
FVE (fluid volume excess) hypervolemia
ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) essential part of diagnosing & managing oxygenation status and acid-base
balance of high-risk patients
ABG's values (normal) pH:7.35-7.45
Pco2: 45-35 (lungs/respiratory)
Hco3: 22-26 (kidneys/metabolic)
buffer systems in the body LUNGS AS A BUFFER- primary control of body's carbonic acid supply.
KIDNEY AS A BUFFER-works by concentration of bicarb in body. Kidneys either
excrete or hang on to bicarb in the response to the pH of blood. Acidosis- kidney
excretes h ion & conserves bicarb. Alkalosis - kidneys retain H ions.
ECF, ICF, HGB are other buffer systems for maintain acid-base balance
(2025/2026) QUESTIONS AND (elaborated)
ANSWETRS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Leave the first rating
Save
Students also studied
Flashcard sets Study guides
CRRN study guide NFDN 1002 UNIT 1 - 4 2021 NNAAP Nurse Aide Practice W... Nursing
Teacher 22 terms Teacher 287 terms Teacher 281 terms Teacher
jmuia5891 Preview laban_munyao Preview cliff_Rosasi Preview ben
Terms in this set (143) Hide definitions
trans-cultural nursing providing care to patients and families across cultural variations. Acknowledge,
respect, & adapt to patient.
Culture can strongly influence a patients thinking, doing, and being.
Five signs of inflammation redness, warmth, swelling, pain, loss of function.
sequence of events of inflammation vasodilation, increased vascular permeability (increased plasma), & leukocyte
cellular infiltration
Repairative processbegins at same time as injury**
cultural nursing assessment Systematic way to identify the beliefs, values, meanings, and behaviors of people
while considering their history, life experiences, and the social and physical
environments in which they live.
"Know Thyself" know your own cultural attitudes, beliefs. Recognize that every
one has cultural "baggage" do not judge anyone for their beliefs
, Blood Transfusion blood must be started within 15-20 minutes from obtaining the blood.
18G needle prefered (20 or higher can be used)
Blood Transfusion Consent A patient's written permission to receive blood or blood products. IF the patient is
unable to sign and it is an emergency situation two doctors can sign the consent.
Jehovah's Witness No blood products should be used
blood transfusion procedure any allergies?- type & cross match blood, check blood for bubbles, dark color, or
cloudiness- change IV line (per policy usually one or two units of blood per line)-
ID check by two nurses- baseline vitals- start with normal saline- run blood slowly
for first 15 minutes- stay with client for 15-30 min- recheck vital signs after 15 of
infusing blood- if no adverse affects increase rate- take vital signs every hour until
completed and then every 3 hours (or per facility protocol)- inform pt to report
any s/s of reactions
reactions during blood transfusion stop the blood first! restart saline, notify health care provider, may use supportive
care (benadryl, oxygen, corticosteriods)
Electrolyte values Sodium: 135-145 (-natremia)
Chloride: 96-106 (-chloremia)
Calcium: 8.5-10.5 (-calcemia)
Potassium: 3.5-5.5 (-kalemia)
Magnesium: 1.5-2.5 (-magnesemia)
Phosphorus: 2.7-4.5 (-phosphatemia)
FVD (fluid volume deficit) hypovolemia
FVE (fluid volume excess) hypervolemia
ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) essential part of diagnosing & managing oxygenation status and acid-base
balance of high-risk patients
ABG's values (normal) pH:7.35-7.45
Pco2: 45-35 (lungs/respiratory)
Hco3: 22-26 (kidneys/metabolic)
buffer systems in the body LUNGS AS A BUFFER- primary control of body's carbonic acid supply.
KIDNEY AS A BUFFER-works by concentration of bicarb in body. Kidneys either
excrete or hang on to bicarb in the response to the pH of blood. Acidosis- kidney
excretes h ion & conserves bicarb. Alkalosis - kidneys retain H ions.
ECF, ICF, HGB are other buffer systems for maintain acid-base balance
