WGU D027 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY REVIEW 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS TESTED
QUESTIONS.
What can Lyme disease cause in terms of neurological issues?
Answer: Nerve damage
What is Lyme neuroborreliosis? Answer: A condition associated
with Lyme disease that may present symptoms like weakness, numbness,
or pain in the limbs, or facial paralysis (Bell's palsy).
What are the incorrect complications associated with Lyme disease?
Answer: Kidney failure and blindness are not common complications of
Lyme disease.
What are the stages of Lyme disease? Answer: Early localized, early
disseminated, and late disseminated.
What occurs in Stage 1 of Lyme disease? Answer: Erythema
migrans (bull's-eye rash), fatigue, headache, fever, muscle and joint
aches, and swollen lymph nodes.
, What is the hallmark sign of early Lyme disease? Answer:
Erythema migrans (bull's-eye rash).
What happens if Stage 1 Lyme disease is untreated? Answer: The
bacteria can spread to other parts of the body.
What symptoms are associated with Stage 2 Lyme disease? Answer:
Meningitis, facial palsy, cardiac involvement, nerve damage, and
persistent muscle and joint pain.
What complications can arise from untreated Stage 2 Lyme disease?
Answer: Permanent neurological damage and heart complications.
What symptoms are associated with Stage 3 Lyme disease? Answer:
Chronic arthritis, chronic neurological symptoms, fatigue, and muscle
pain.
What happens in Stage 3 of Lyme disease if left untreated? Answer:
It can lead to chronic symptoms, including arthritis and cognitive
dysfunction.
What is the most common cause of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
Answer: Diabetes (diabetic nephropathy).
, What are the causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)? Answer: Pre-
renal (lack of blood flow), intrinsic (damage within the kidneys), and
post-renal (obstruction).
What is the typical symptom of malaria? Answer: Anemia, jaundice,
fever, and malaise due to the destruction of red blood cells.
Which disease is caused by Plasmodium parasites? Answer:
Malaria.
What are common symptoms of H1N1 flu? Answer: Fever, cough,
sore throat, body aches, and fatigue.
What are the primary symptoms of Lyme disease? Answer:
Erythema migrans, fatigue, headache, muscle and joint pain, and
neurological issues in later stages.
What is a key complication of Lyme disease in Stage 2? Answer:
Meningitis and nerve damage.
What is the timeframe for Stage 1 Lyme disease after a tick bite?
Answer: 3-30 days.
, What is the timeframe for Stage 2 Lyme disease after infection?
Answer: Weeks to months (often about 1-4 weeks after infection).
What is the timeframe for Stage 3 Lyme disease? Answer: Months
to years after the tick bite.
What is the primary treatment for early Lyme disease? Answer:
Antibiotics.
What is the significance of the bull's-eye rash in Lyme disease?
Answer: It is considered the hallmark sign of early Lyme disease.
What is a common neurological symptom in late-stage Lyme
disease? Answer: Memory problems and difficulty concentrating.
What is the effect of Lyme disease on the heart in Stage 2? Answer:
It can cause Lyme carditis, affecting the heart's electrical system.
What is a common joint issue in Stage 3 Lyme disease? Answer:
Chronic arthritis, especially in large joints like the knees.
What is the role of long-term antibiotic therapy in Lyme disease?
Answer: It may help treat chronic symptoms in late-stage Lyme disease.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY REVIEW 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS TESTED
QUESTIONS.
What can Lyme disease cause in terms of neurological issues?
Answer: Nerve damage
What is Lyme neuroborreliosis? Answer: A condition associated
with Lyme disease that may present symptoms like weakness, numbness,
or pain in the limbs, or facial paralysis (Bell's palsy).
What are the incorrect complications associated with Lyme disease?
Answer: Kidney failure and blindness are not common complications of
Lyme disease.
What are the stages of Lyme disease? Answer: Early localized, early
disseminated, and late disseminated.
What occurs in Stage 1 of Lyme disease? Answer: Erythema
migrans (bull's-eye rash), fatigue, headache, fever, muscle and joint
aches, and swollen lymph nodes.
, What is the hallmark sign of early Lyme disease? Answer:
Erythema migrans (bull's-eye rash).
What happens if Stage 1 Lyme disease is untreated? Answer: The
bacteria can spread to other parts of the body.
What symptoms are associated with Stage 2 Lyme disease? Answer:
Meningitis, facial palsy, cardiac involvement, nerve damage, and
persistent muscle and joint pain.
What complications can arise from untreated Stage 2 Lyme disease?
Answer: Permanent neurological damage and heart complications.
What symptoms are associated with Stage 3 Lyme disease? Answer:
Chronic arthritis, chronic neurological symptoms, fatigue, and muscle
pain.
What happens in Stage 3 of Lyme disease if left untreated? Answer:
It can lead to chronic symptoms, including arthritis and cognitive
dysfunction.
What is the most common cause of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
Answer: Diabetes (diabetic nephropathy).
, What are the causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)? Answer: Pre-
renal (lack of blood flow), intrinsic (damage within the kidneys), and
post-renal (obstruction).
What is the typical symptom of malaria? Answer: Anemia, jaundice,
fever, and malaise due to the destruction of red blood cells.
Which disease is caused by Plasmodium parasites? Answer:
Malaria.
What are common symptoms of H1N1 flu? Answer: Fever, cough,
sore throat, body aches, and fatigue.
What are the primary symptoms of Lyme disease? Answer:
Erythema migrans, fatigue, headache, muscle and joint pain, and
neurological issues in later stages.
What is a key complication of Lyme disease in Stage 2? Answer:
Meningitis and nerve damage.
What is the timeframe for Stage 1 Lyme disease after a tick bite?
Answer: 3-30 days.
, What is the timeframe for Stage 2 Lyme disease after infection?
Answer: Weeks to months (often about 1-4 weeks after infection).
What is the timeframe for Stage 3 Lyme disease? Answer: Months
to years after the tick bite.
What is the primary treatment for early Lyme disease? Answer:
Antibiotics.
What is the significance of the bull's-eye rash in Lyme disease?
Answer: It is considered the hallmark sign of early Lyme disease.
What is a common neurological symptom in late-stage Lyme
disease? Answer: Memory problems and difficulty concentrating.
What is the effect of Lyme disease on the heart in Stage 2? Answer:
It can cause Lyme carditis, affecting the heart's electrical system.
What is a common joint issue in Stage 3 Lyme disease? Answer:
Chronic arthritis, especially in large joints like the knees.
What is the role of long-term antibiotic therapy in Lyme disease?
Answer: It may help treat chronic symptoms in late-stage Lyme disease.
