WGU C963 FINAL STUDY GUIDE 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
⩥ Constitution is influenced by the Enlightenment. Ans: (Separation of
powers) embodies Montesquieu's principles by separating the legislative,
executive, and judicial power, placing each into the hands of different
political actors.
⩥ Bill of Rights influenced by Enlightenment. Ans: · The First
Amendment gives us a definitive declaration for the protection of natural
rights. Protections of individual conscience as well as protections for
democratic participation (John Lock ideology).
· The Second Amendment, which also embodies Lockean ideas, permits
the possession of arms for the "security of a free State."14 In this
Amendment, the right to rebellion is established.
· Due process says all citizens are subject to fair and equitable treatment.
· The Fourth - Eighth Amendments serve to both limit the power
government has over us and lay out procedures which must be followed
when dealing with us.
,· The Ninth Amendment makes it clear that the list of rights protected in
the first eight Amendments is not exhaustive and that we, the people, can
assert additional natural rights when we see fit (at least in theory.)
· The Tenth Amendment makes clear that powers not specifically
granted to the federal government are retained by the states and the
people (these last two are Lockean ideals)
⩥ Declaration of Independence influenced by Enlightenment. Ans:
Locke maintains that society is a rational but voluntary expression.
Government, which serves to regulate the terms of the social contact on
which society is created, serves to protect our natural rights and serve as
a democratic conduit for our interests. Most important of our natural
rights are liberty and property.
⩥ National Government under the Articles of Confederation. Ans:
unicameral congress, or one chamber known as the Confederation
Congress. no executive or judicial branch. Functions in order to make
sure that the national government did not have too much power and that
the power of the states remained protected. had the authority to
exchange ambassadors and make treaties with foreign governments and
Indian tribes, declare war, coin currency and borrow money, and settle
disputes between states. Each state legislature appointed delegates to the
Congress; these men could be recalled at any time. Regardless of its size
or the number of delegates it chose to send, each state would have only
one vote. Delegates could serve for no more than three consecutive
years, lest a class of elite professional politicians develop. The nation
would have no independent chief executive or judiciary. Nine votes were
,required before the central government could act, and the Articles of
Confederation could be changed only by unanimous approval of all 13
states.
⩥ Powers under the Articles of Confederation (national government):.
Ans: The Power to Borrow and Coin Money
The Power to Declare War
The Power to Make Treaties and Alliances with Other Nations
The Power to Regulate Trade with the Native Americans
The Power to Settle Disputes among Other States
⩥ The Power to Borrow and Coin Money (National Government). Ans:
The national government could make the currency of the United States,
known as Continental currency. It could also borrow money from other
nations to cover the country's debts that remained from fighting during
the American Revolution. This power to borrow and coin money was
limited, as the national government had to rely on the states for enough
money to cover debts and back any loans taken from other countries.
⩥ The Power to Declare War (National Government). Ans: The national
government could declare war as it deemed appropriate with other
nations. It could also appoint military officials. However, this power was
limited. The national government could declare war, but there was no
national military to draw soldiers from. The soldiers came from the
individual states.
, ⩥ The Power to Make Treaties and Alliances with Other Nations
(National Government). Ans: The national government could enter into
treaties or agreements with other nations as it deemed appropriate.
Under this power, the national government could also appoint foreign
ambassadors.
⩥ The Power to Regulate Trade with the Native Americans (National
Government):. Ans: The national government was given power to
negotiate and regulate trade with the Native Americans. Native
Americans were not considered citizens of the United States and were
treated as foreign nations by the both the national and state governments.
⩥ The Power to Settle Disputes among Other States (National
Government). Ans: the national government had the authority to settle
any and all boundary disputes that arose between the states, which were
bound to happen in this newly formed country.
⩥ Problems with the Articles of Confederation (Power to Raise an Army
or Navy):. Ans: Although the central government could declare war and
agree to peace, it had to depend upon the states to provide soldiers. If
state governors chose not to honor the national government's request, the
country would lack an adequate defense. The lack of a national army
meant that the national government could not draft any soldiers into the
military.
⩥ Problems with the Articles of Confederation (Taxation). Ans: Articles
of Confederation gave the national government no power to impose and
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
⩥ Constitution is influenced by the Enlightenment. Ans: (Separation of
powers) embodies Montesquieu's principles by separating the legislative,
executive, and judicial power, placing each into the hands of different
political actors.
⩥ Bill of Rights influenced by Enlightenment. Ans: · The First
Amendment gives us a definitive declaration for the protection of natural
rights. Protections of individual conscience as well as protections for
democratic participation (John Lock ideology).
· The Second Amendment, which also embodies Lockean ideas, permits
the possession of arms for the "security of a free State."14 In this
Amendment, the right to rebellion is established.
· Due process says all citizens are subject to fair and equitable treatment.
· The Fourth - Eighth Amendments serve to both limit the power
government has over us and lay out procedures which must be followed
when dealing with us.
,· The Ninth Amendment makes it clear that the list of rights protected in
the first eight Amendments is not exhaustive and that we, the people, can
assert additional natural rights when we see fit (at least in theory.)
· The Tenth Amendment makes clear that powers not specifically
granted to the federal government are retained by the states and the
people (these last two are Lockean ideals)
⩥ Declaration of Independence influenced by Enlightenment. Ans:
Locke maintains that society is a rational but voluntary expression.
Government, which serves to regulate the terms of the social contact on
which society is created, serves to protect our natural rights and serve as
a democratic conduit for our interests. Most important of our natural
rights are liberty and property.
⩥ National Government under the Articles of Confederation. Ans:
unicameral congress, or one chamber known as the Confederation
Congress. no executive or judicial branch. Functions in order to make
sure that the national government did not have too much power and that
the power of the states remained protected. had the authority to
exchange ambassadors and make treaties with foreign governments and
Indian tribes, declare war, coin currency and borrow money, and settle
disputes between states. Each state legislature appointed delegates to the
Congress; these men could be recalled at any time. Regardless of its size
or the number of delegates it chose to send, each state would have only
one vote. Delegates could serve for no more than three consecutive
years, lest a class of elite professional politicians develop. The nation
would have no independent chief executive or judiciary. Nine votes were
,required before the central government could act, and the Articles of
Confederation could be changed only by unanimous approval of all 13
states.
⩥ Powers under the Articles of Confederation (national government):.
Ans: The Power to Borrow and Coin Money
The Power to Declare War
The Power to Make Treaties and Alliances with Other Nations
The Power to Regulate Trade with the Native Americans
The Power to Settle Disputes among Other States
⩥ The Power to Borrow and Coin Money (National Government). Ans:
The national government could make the currency of the United States,
known as Continental currency. It could also borrow money from other
nations to cover the country's debts that remained from fighting during
the American Revolution. This power to borrow and coin money was
limited, as the national government had to rely on the states for enough
money to cover debts and back any loans taken from other countries.
⩥ The Power to Declare War (National Government). Ans: The national
government could declare war as it deemed appropriate with other
nations. It could also appoint military officials. However, this power was
limited. The national government could declare war, but there was no
national military to draw soldiers from. The soldiers came from the
individual states.
, ⩥ The Power to Make Treaties and Alliances with Other Nations
(National Government). Ans: The national government could enter into
treaties or agreements with other nations as it deemed appropriate.
Under this power, the national government could also appoint foreign
ambassadors.
⩥ The Power to Regulate Trade with the Native Americans (National
Government):. Ans: The national government was given power to
negotiate and regulate trade with the Native Americans. Native
Americans were not considered citizens of the United States and were
treated as foreign nations by the both the national and state governments.
⩥ The Power to Settle Disputes among Other States (National
Government). Ans: the national government had the authority to settle
any and all boundary disputes that arose between the states, which were
bound to happen in this newly formed country.
⩥ Problems with the Articles of Confederation (Power to Raise an Army
or Navy):. Ans: Although the central government could declare war and
agree to peace, it had to depend upon the states to provide soldiers. If
state governors chose not to honor the national government's request, the
country would lack an adequate defense. The lack of a national army
meant that the national government could not draft any soldiers into the
military.
⩥ Problems with the Articles of Confederation (Taxation). Ans: Articles
of Confederation gave the national government no power to impose and
