NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 Advanced
Pathophysiology Exam Latest 2026 Newest
Questions and Answers (Latest
Update) (Verified Answers)
SECTION 1: IMMUNOLOGY & INFLAMMATION
1. Which cell type is described as "cellular bags of granules" located in loose connective tissue
close to blood vessels?
• A) Neutrophils
• B) Mast cells
• C) Monocytes
• D) Macrophages
Answer: B
Mast cells contain granules with inflammatory mediators (histamine, leukotrienes). Their
activation initiates the inflammatory process by releasing these mediators upon stimulation.
2. What is the primary function of histamine released during the inflammatory response?
• A) Causes vasoconstriction and decreased blood flow
• B) Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, and increases blood flow to the
injury site
• C) Attracts neutrophils to the site of infection
• D) Promotes platelet aggregation
Answer: B
Histamine causes vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and increased blood flow,
resulting in erythema (redness) and swelling (edema) at the injury site.
,3. Which inflammatory mediator is derived from fatty acids in the plasma membrane and
works similarly to leukotrienes by causing endothelial cell retraction and increasing vascular
permeability?
• A) Histamine
• B) Prostaglandins
• C) Platelet Activating Factor (PAF)
• D) Bradykinin
Answer: C
PAF is derived from plasma membrane fatty acids and can be produced by neutrophils,
monocytes, endothelial cells, and platelets. It increases vascular permeability, activates
platelets, and enhances leukocyte adhesion.
4. Which cells are the predominant leukocytes active during the early stages of acute
inflammation?
• A) Neutrophils
• B) Lymphocytes
• C) Eosinophils
• D) Monocytes
Answer: A
Neutrophils are the predominant leukocytes during early acute inflammation. They arrive quickly
at the site of injury to phagocytose pathogens and debris.
5. Monocytes become which type of cells when they enter tissues?
• A) Neutrophils
• B) Macrophages
• C) Mast cells
• D) Lymphocytes
, Answer: B
Monocytes enter tissues and mature into macrophages. Macrophages are responsible for
presenting antigens to CD4 cells, triggering T-cell and B-cell immunity.
6. Lymphocytosis is most commonly associated with which type of infection?
• A) Bacterial infections
• B) Viral infections
• C) Parasitic infections
• D) Fungal infections
Answer: B
Lymphocytosis (elevated lymphocytes) results from viral infections. Neutrophilia is associated
with bacterial infections, and eosinophilia with parasitic infections and allergic reactions.
7. Neutrophilia is most commonly associated with which type of infection?
• A) Viral infections
• B) Bacterial infections
• C) Parasitic infections
• D) Allergic reactions
Answer: B
Neutrophilia results from bacterial infections. This reflects the role of neutrophils as the primary
responders to bacterial pathogens.
8. Eosinophilia is most commonly associated with which type of infection?
• A) Viral infections
• B) Bacterial infections
• C) Parasitic infections and allergic reactions
• D) Autoimmune disorders
Pathophysiology Exam Latest 2026 Newest
Questions and Answers (Latest
Update) (Verified Answers)
SECTION 1: IMMUNOLOGY & INFLAMMATION
1. Which cell type is described as "cellular bags of granules" located in loose connective tissue
close to blood vessels?
• A) Neutrophils
• B) Mast cells
• C) Monocytes
• D) Macrophages
Answer: B
Mast cells contain granules with inflammatory mediators (histamine, leukotrienes). Their
activation initiates the inflammatory process by releasing these mediators upon stimulation.
2. What is the primary function of histamine released during the inflammatory response?
• A) Causes vasoconstriction and decreased blood flow
• B) Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, and increases blood flow to the
injury site
• C) Attracts neutrophils to the site of infection
• D) Promotes platelet aggregation
Answer: B
Histamine causes vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and increased blood flow,
resulting in erythema (redness) and swelling (edema) at the injury site.
,3. Which inflammatory mediator is derived from fatty acids in the plasma membrane and
works similarly to leukotrienes by causing endothelial cell retraction and increasing vascular
permeability?
• A) Histamine
• B) Prostaglandins
• C) Platelet Activating Factor (PAF)
• D) Bradykinin
Answer: C
PAF is derived from plasma membrane fatty acids and can be produced by neutrophils,
monocytes, endothelial cells, and platelets. It increases vascular permeability, activates
platelets, and enhances leukocyte adhesion.
4. Which cells are the predominant leukocytes active during the early stages of acute
inflammation?
• A) Neutrophils
• B) Lymphocytes
• C) Eosinophils
• D) Monocytes
Answer: A
Neutrophils are the predominant leukocytes during early acute inflammation. They arrive quickly
at the site of injury to phagocytose pathogens and debris.
5. Monocytes become which type of cells when they enter tissues?
• A) Neutrophils
• B) Macrophages
• C) Mast cells
• D) Lymphocytes
, Answer: B
Monocytes enter tissues and mature into macrophages. Macrophages are responsible for
presenting antigens to CD4 cells, triggering T-cell and B-cell immunity.
6. Lymphocytosis is most commonly associated with which type of infection?
• A) Bacterial infections
• B) Viral infections
• C) Parasitic infections
• D) Fungal infections
Answer: B
Lymphocytosis (elevated lymphocytes) results from viral infections. Neutrophilia is associated
with bacterial infections, and eosinophilia with parasitic infections and allergic reactions.
7. Neutrophilia is most commonly associated with which type of infection?
• A) Viral infections
• B) Bacterial infections
• C) Parasitic infections
• D) Allergic reactions
Answer: B
Neutrophilia results from bacterial infections. This reflects the role of neutrophils as the primary
responders to bacterial pathogens.
8. Eosinophilia is most commonly associated with which type of infection?
• A) Viral infections
• B) Bacterial infections
• C) Parasitic infections and allergic reactions
• D) Autoimmune disorders
