STRAIGHTERLINE BIOLOGY 101 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2026

STRAIGHTERLINE BIOLOGY 101 FINAL
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026

ChemicalcCompositioncofcthecCells:cAtomsc-cCORRECTcANSWERSc-
Eachcatomchascacpositivelycchargedcnucleuscwhichciscsurroundedcbycaccloudcofcnegativelycchargedc
electrons.c

Thecnucleuscconsistscofcprotonsc(+)candcneutronsc(-).

Thecnumbercofcprotonscincthecnucleuscgivescthecatomiccnumber.



ChemicalcCompositioncofcthecCellsc-cCORRECTcANSWERSc--
Ioniccbondscformcbyctheclosscandcgaincofcelectrons

-Covalentcbondscformcbycthecsharingcofcelectrons

-Accellciscformedcfromccarbonccompounds



ChemicalcCompositioncofcthecCells:cFourcMajorcFamiliescofcorganiccmoleculesc-
cCORRECTcANSWERSc-FattycAcids-careccomponentscofccellcmembranes



Aminocacids-csubunitscofcproteins

Sugars-cprovidecancenergycsourcecforccells

Nucleotides-csubunitscofcDNAcandcRNA



Metabolismc-cCORRECTcANSWERSc-Allcofcthecchemicalcreactionscthatcoccurcwithincancorganism



Photosynthesisc-cCORRECTcANSWERSc--
Conversioncofclightcenergycfromcthecsuncintocchemicalcenergy.

-synthesizecfoodcfromccarboncdioxidecandcwater

-involvescthecgreencpigmentcchlorophyllcandcgeneratescoxygencascacbyproduct.

, CellularcRespirationc-cCORRECTcANSWERSc-
acsetcofcmetaboliccreactionscandcprocessescthatctakecplacecinctheccellscofcorganismsctocconvertcche
micalcenergycfromcnutrientscintocadenosinectriphosphatec(ATP),candcthencreleasecwastecproducts.



CellcStructurecandcFunction:cProkaryotec(bacteriacandcarchaea)c-cCORRECTcANSWERSc-Pilus-chair-
likecappendagecfoundconcthecsurface

Capsule-cmadecofcpolysaccharides,chelpscthecprokaryotescclingctoceachcothercandctocsurfaces

Cellcwall-crigidclayercofcpolysaccharidesclyingcoutsidecthecplasmacmembranec

Plasmacmembrane-clayercofclipidscthatcseparatesctheccellcinteriorcfromcthecoutsidecenvironment

Neucleoidc(DNA)-ccontainscallcorcmostcofcthecgeneticcmaterial

cytoplasm-ceverythingcfoundcwithincthecplasmacmembrane

ribosomes-ctocmanufacturecproteins

flagellum-cusedcforccellcmovementc

(nocmembranecboundcnucleus)



Cellcstructurecandcfunction:cEukaryotec-cCORRECTcANSWERSc-Endoplasmiccreticulum-
cacnetworkcofcmembranousctubulescwithinctheccytoplasm,cinvolvedcincproteincandclipidcsynthesis



Nucleus-ccontainscthecmajoritycofctheccellscgeneticcmaterialc

Cytoplasm-cincludescallcofcthecmaterialcinsidectheccellcandcoutsidecofcthecnucleus.

Cytoskeleton-
cgivescshapecandccoherence,cnetworkcofcproteincfilamentscandctubulescinctheccytoplasm



Ribosomes-ctocmanufacturecprotein

Mitochondria-
ctakescincnutrients,cbreakscthemcdown,candccreatescenergycrichcmoleculescforctheccell



Lysosomes-cbreakcdowncexcesscorcworncoutccellcparts.c

Golgicbody-cinvolvedcincsecretioncandcintracellularctransport