Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm 6501 Walden University
updated this month
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying
degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide?-
correct answer>>>Answer: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include
regarding cholesterol?- correct answer>>>Answer: Cholesterol decreases the
membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic
fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene- correct answer>>>Answer: Autosomal recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?- correct
answer>>>Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as:-
correct answer>>>Answer: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in:- correct
answer>>>Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from
diseases?- correct answer>>>Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both
processes are believed to result from cell injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an
absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her
features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the
elbow, and sparse body hair.- correct answer>>>Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most
of the genetic information be contained?- correct answer>>>Answer: Nucleolus
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is
the nurse describing?- correct answer>>>Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of
this disease is associated with:- correct answer>>>Answer: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best
response?- correct answer>>>Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
, What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction?- correct answer>>>Answer: Provide
growth factor for tissue growth and development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance.
Which finding will support this diagnosis?- correct answer>>>Answer: Inability to
convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of:- correct
answer>>>Answer: Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that
oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:- correct
answer>>>Answer: Plasma proteins
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the same direction is
an example of which of the following types of transport?- correct answer>>>Answer:
Symport
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the
fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this
condition?- correct answer>>>Answer: Tetraploidy
Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells?- correct answer>>>Answer:
Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
Hypothyroidism- correct answer>>>A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower
and less productive than normal, does not produce enough T3 and T4
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the
following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?- correct answer>>>Answer:
Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action
potential?- correct answer>>>Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the
cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal
which of the following?- correct answer>>>Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the
nurse looking for?- correct answer>>>Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a
genetic disease
T3, T4, TSH- correct answer>>>Diagnosing hypo/hyperthyroidism T3/T4 = thyroid. TSH
= Pituitary.
updated this month
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying
degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide?-
correct answer>>>Answer: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include
regarding cholesterol?- correct answer>>>Answer: Cholesterol decreases the
membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic
fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene- correct answer>>>Answer: Autosomal recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?- correct
answer>>>Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as:-
correct answer>>>Answer: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in:- correct
answer>>>Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from
diseases?- correct answer>>>Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both
processes are believed to result from cell injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an
absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her
features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the
elbow, and sparse body hair.- correct answer>>>Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most
of the genetic information be contained?- correct answer>>>Answer: Nucleolus
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is
the nurse describing?- correct answer>>>Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of
this disease is associated with:- correct answer>>>Answer: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best
response?- correct answer>>>Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
, What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction?- correct answer>>>Answer: Provide
growth factor for tissue growth and development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance.
Which finding will support this diagnosis?- correct answer>>>Answer: Inability to
convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of:- correct
answer>>>Answer: Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that
oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:- correct
answer>>>Answer: Plasma proteins
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the same direction is
an example of which of the following types of transport?- correct answer>>>Answer:
Symport
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the
fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this
condition?- correct answer>>>Answer: Tetraploidy
Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells?- correct answer>>>Answer:
Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
Hypothyroidism- correct answer>>>A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower
and less productive than normal, does not produce enough T3 and T4
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the
following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?- correct answer>>>Answer:
Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action
potential?- correct answer>>>Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the
cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal
which of the following?- correct answer>>>Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the
nurse looking for?- correct answer>>>Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a
genetic disease
T3, T4, TSH- correct answer>>>Diagnosing hypo/hyperthyroidism T3/T4 = thyroid. TSH
= Pituitary.
