Anatomy - Stott Pilates Exam Preparation Questions &
Correct Answers.
Which muscles oppose each other on the anteriorposterior sides of the foot? - ✔✔✔
Anterior: Dorsiflexors
Posterior: Plantar Flexors
Which muscles oppose each other on the later and rotary sides of the foot? - ✔✔✔ Lateral:
Tibialis
Peroneals
What is the function of Tibialis anterior? - ✔✔✔ dorsiflexing and inverting the foot.
What is the function of the peroneas muscles? - ✔✔✔ Primarily responsible for eversion of
the foot. peroneus longus and brevis plantarflex the foot, while the peroneus tertius
dorsiflexes it.
What are the opposing anteroposterior muscles of the knee? - ✔✔✔ The hamstrings,
gastrocnemius and the popliteus oppose the hamstrings.
The transverse plane divides the body into _________ and _______ segments. - ✔✔✔
Superior and inferior segments of the body
The Frontal plane divides the body into ____________ and ___________ segments. -
✔✔✔ Anterior and posterior (front/back) segments.
The sagital plane divides the body into ________ and ________ segments - ✔✔✔ Left and
right segments
Medial is a directional term for: - ✔✔✔ Closest to the midline of the body.
Lateral is a directional term for: - ✔✔✔ Away from the midline of the body
Proximal/central means ________ to the trunk or midline of the body. - ✔✔✔ closer
Distal/peripheral means ________ from the trunk or midline of the body. - ✔✔✔ away
Superior is a directional term for: - ✔✔✔ above or towards the head
Inferior is a directional term for: - ✔✔✔ Below or away from the head
Anterior refers to - ✔✔✔ front of the body
, Posterior refers to - ✔✔✔ back of the body
Superficial refers to - ✔✔✔ towards the surface of the skin / outer most layer
Deep refers to - ✔✔✔ inside the body (internal)
Spinal flexion moves the __________ surfaces of the body ___________ each other. -
✔✔✔ anterior surfaces of the body towards each other.
Spinal extension moves the __________ surfaces of the body ___________ each other. -
✔✔✔ anterior surfaces of the body away from each other.
Lateral spinal flexion moves the spine in which direction? - ✔✔✔ Side to side
Rotational movements happen around which central point? - ✔✔✔ The axis of the spine.
List the 4 actions of the neck (cervical spine) - ✔✔✔ Flexion
Extension
Lateral flexion
Rotation
Describe the action of shoulder flexion and extension. - ✔✔✔ Arm reaches up overhead
(vertical flexion)
Arm reaches back behind the body (vertical extension)
Describe the actions of shoulder abduction and adduction. - ✔✔✔ Arm moves away from
the midline (abduction)
Arm moves towards the midline (adduction)
* can also done horizontally as in when client is supine.
Describe the actions of internal rotation and external rotation of the shoulder. - ✔✔✔
Internal rotation - palm moves toward the body.
External rotation - palm moves away from the body.
Describe the actions of protraction and retraction of the scapula. - ✔✔✔ protraction -
scapular borders moves away from the midline (the spine)
retraction - scapular boarders moves toward the midline (the spine)
List the 6 actions of the scapula - ✔✔✔ Protraction
Retraction
Elevation
Depression
Upward rotation
Correct Answers.
Which muscles oppose each other on the anteriorposterior sides of the foot? - ✔✔✔
Anterior: Dorsiflexors
Posterior: Plantar Flexors
Which muscles oppose each other on the later and rotary sides of the foot? - ✔✔✔ Lateral:
Tibialis
Peroneals
What is the function of Tibialis anterior? - ✔✔✔ dorsiflexing and inverting the foot.
What is the function of the peroneas muscles? - ✔✔✔ Primarily responsible for eversion of
the foot. peroneus longus and brevis plantarflex the foot, while the peroneus tertius
dorsiflexes it.
What are the opposing anteroposterior muscles of the knee? - ✔✔✔ The hamstrings,
gastrocnemius and the popliteus oppose the hamstrings.
The transverse plane divides the body into _________ and _______ segments. - ✔✔✔
Superior and inferior segments of the body
The Frontal plane divides the body into ____________ and ___________ segments. -
✔✔✔ Anterior and posterior (front/back) segments.
The sagital plane divides the body into ________ and ________ segments - ✔✔✔ Left and
right segments
Medial is a directional term for: - ✔✔✔ Closest to the midline of the body.
Lateral is a directional term for: - ✔✔✔ Away from the midline of the body
Proximal/central means ________ to the trunk or midline of the body. - ✔✔✔ closer
Distal/peripheral means ________ from the trunk or midline of the body. - ✔✔✔ away
Superior is a directional term for: - ✔✔✔ above or towards the head
Inferior is a directional term for: - ✔✔✔ Below or away from the head
Anterior refers to - ✔✔✔ front of the body
, Posterior refers to - ✔✔✔ back of the body
Superficial refers to - ✔✔✔ towards the surface of the skin / outer most layer
Deep refers to - ✔✔✔ inside the body (internal)
Spinal flexion moves the __________ surfaces of the body ___________ each other. -
✔✔✔ anterior surfaces of the body towards each other.
Spinal extension moves the __________ surfaces of the body ___________ each other. -
✔✔✔ anterior surfaces of the body away from each other.
Lateral spinal flexion moves the spine in which direction? - ✔✔✔ Side to side
Rotational movements happen around which central point? - ✔✔✔ The axis of the spine.
List the 4 actions of the neck (cervical spine) - ✔✔✔ Flexion
Extension
Lateral flexion
Rotation
Describe the action of shoulder flexion and extension. - ✔✔✔ Arm reaches up overhead
(vertical flexion)
Arm reaches back behind the body (vertical extension)
Describe the actions of shoulder abduction and adduction. - ✔✔✔ Arm moves away from
the midline (abduction)
Arm moves towards the midline (adduction)
* can also done horizontally as in when client is supine.
Describe the actions of internal rotation and external rotation of the shoulder. - ✔✔✔
Internal rotation - palm moves toward the body.
External rotation - palm moves away from the body.
Describe the actions of protraction and retraction of the scapula. - ✔✔✔ protraction -
scapular borders moves away from the midline (the spine)
retraction - scapular boarders moves toward the midline (the spine)
List the 6 actions of the scapula - ✔✔✔ Protraction
Retraction
Elevation
Depression
Upward rotation
