Edelman and Kudzma Canadian Health Promotion.
Chapters 1-25 Graded A+ (2026/2027)
Unit 1: Foundations for Health Promotion (Chapters 1–5)
Question 1
According to the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, health promotion is defined as the
process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. Which of
the following is considered one of the five core strategies outlined in the Charter? A)
Implementing strict pharmaceutical pricing caps
B) Developing personal skills
C) Expanding secondary screening in acute care settings
D) Mandating quarterly community physical exams
Correct Answer: B — Developing personal skills
Rationale: The five core action areas of the Ottawa Charter are: Building healthy public
policy, Creating supportive environments, Strengthening community action, Developing
personal skills, and Reorienting health services. Options A, C, and D are not part of these core
pillars.
Question 2
A community health nurse works to address housing instability and food insecurity among
low-income families in an urban center. In doing so, the nurse is primarily targeting which of
the following? A) The biomedical risk parameters
B) The Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)
C) Secondary clinical preventions
D) Psychological self-actualization deficits
Correct Answer: B — The Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)
Rationale: Housing, income, food security, and education are primary social determinants of
health that fundamentally shape population health outcomes long before clinical
interventions are required.
Question 3
An individual undergoes an annual screening mammogram. If a nurse is classifying this
intervention within the traditional levels of prevention, this activity falls under: A) Primary
prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
,Edelman and Kudzma Canadian Health Promotion.
Chapters 1-25 Graded A+ (2026/2027)
D) Quaternary prevention
Correct Answer: B — Secondary prevention
Rationale: Secondary prevention focuses on early detection, screening, and prompt
intervention to arrest a disease process in its early stages before significant pathology
occurs. Primary prevents the onset; tertiary manages existing disease.
Question 4
A nurse coordinates a smoking cessation public health campaign that utilizes local media,
school seminars, and increased taxation on tobacco products. This comprehensive multi-
sectoral approach aligns with which health framework? A) The Biomedical Model
B) The Socio-Environmental Model
C) The Behavioral/Lifestyle Model
D) The General Adaptation Syndrome Model
Correct Answer: B — The Socio-Environmental Model
Rationale: The socio-environmental approach views health as a product of social, structural,
and environmental factors, using policy, community action, and education together, rather
than focusing solely on individual behavioral modification.
Question 5
When applying the Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) Code of Ethics to a health promotion
initiative, a nurse ensures that community members are active participants in deciding
which health programs are implemented. Which ethical value is directly prioritized? A)
Promoting health and well-being
B) Promoting and respecting informed decision-making
C) Maintaining privacy and confidentiality
D) Being accountable
Correct Answer: B — Promoting and respecting informed decision-making
Rationale: Respecting informed decision-making means recognizing the autonomy of
individuals and communities to identify their own health priorities and choose courses of
action that fit their values.
Question 6
,Edelman and Kudzma Canadian Health Promotion.
Chapters 1-25 Graded A+ (2026/2027)
An immigrant family faces systemic language barriers and lacks access to culturally
appropriate primary health care. This unequal distribution of health resources and
opportunities represents a state of: A) Health equity
B) Health inequity
C) Health literacy
D) Subjective wellness
Correct Answer: B — Health inequity
Rationale: Health inequities are differences in health status or the distribution of health
resources that are unfair, unjust, and driven by systemic, modifiable social and structural
barriers.
Question 7
A public health nurse advocates for a municipal law requiring all new residential buildings to
incorporate accessible green spaces and pedestrian walkways. This initiative is an example of
which Ottawa Charter strategy? A) Reorienting health services
B) Creating supportive environments
C) Strengthening community action
D) Minimizing clinical latency
Correct Answer: B — Creating supportive environments
Rationale: Creating supportive environments focuses on safe, stimulating, and enjoyable
living and working conditions that naturally promote physical and mental health.
Question 8
During a home visit, a nurse provides immunization counseling and administers the annual
influenza vaccine to an elderly patient. This action constitutes: A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Disease palliation
Correct Answer: A — Primary prevention
Rationale: Immunizations are classic primary prevention tools because they precede disease
or dysfunction and protect susceptible individuals from contracting an illness.
Question 9
, Edelman and Kudzma Canadian Health Promotion.
Chapters 1-25 Graded A+ (2026/2027)
A nurse practices cultural humility while caring for Indigenous clients by exploring personal
biases, acknowledging power imbalances within the healthcare system, and respecting
traditional healing practices. This approach supports: A) Cultural assimilation
B) Cultural safety
C) Cultural paternalism
D) Ethnocentric care
Correct Answer: B — Cultural safety
Rationale: Cultural safety extends beyond cultural awareness or sensitivity; it requires an
active shift in power dynamics, self-reflection by the provider, and ensuring that the client
feels respected and safe within their identity.
Question 10
A nursing student reads about the Epp Report, "Achieving Health for All" (1986). Which of
the following were the three primary health promotion challenges identified in this
landmark Canadian document? A) Reducing inequities, increasing prevention, and enhancing
coping
B) Eradicating infectious disease, minimizing hospital stays, and expanding pharmacology
C) Eliminating poverty, standardizing technology, and expanding diagnostic tools
D) Maximizing immunization rates, reducing birth complications, and controlling chronic
disease
Correct Answer: A — Reducing inequities, increasing prevention, and enhancing coping
Rationale: Jake Epp's 1986 framework proposed these three specific challenges as the core
pillars for achieving health for all Canadians, signaling a distinct shift toward community-
based health promotion.
Unit 2: Assessment for Health Promotion (Chapters 6–8)
Question 11
A nurse uses Gordon's Functional Health Patterns framework to assess an individual client.
While gathering data regarding the client's daily bowel habits, laxative usage, and sweat
patterns, the nurse is evaluating which specific pattern? A) Nutritional-Metabolic Pattern
B) Elimination Pattern
C) Activity-Exercise Pattern
D) Cognitive-Perceptual Pattern
Chapters 1-25 Graded A+ (2026/2027)
Unit 1: Foundations for Health Promotion (Chapters 1–5)
Question 1
According to the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, health promotion is defined as the
process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. Which of
the following is considered one of the five core strategies outlined in the Charter? A)
Implementing strict pharmaceutical pricing caps
B) Developing personal skills
C) Expanding secondary screening in acute care settings
D) Mandating quarterly community physical exams
Correct Answer: B — Developing personal skills
Rationale: The five core action areas of the Ottawa Charter are: Building healthy public
policy, Creating supportive environments, Strengthening community action, Developing
personal skills, and Reorienting health services. Options A, C, and D are not part of these core
pillars.
Question 2
A community health nurse works to address housing instability and food insecurity among
low-income families in an urban center. In doing so, the nurse is primarily targeting which of
the following? A) The biomedical risk parameters
B) The Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)
C) Secondary clinical preventions
D) Psychological self-actualization deficits
Correct Answer: B — The Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)
Rationale: Housing, income, food security, and education are primary social determinants of
health that fundamentally shape population health outcomes long before clinical
interventions are required.
Question 3
An individual undergoes an annual screening mammogram. If a nurse is classifying this
intervention within the traditional levels of prevention, this activity falls under: A) Primary
prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
,Edelman and Kudzma Canadian Health Promotion.
Chapters 1-25 Graded A+ (2026/2027)
D) Quaternary prevention
Correct Answer: B — Secondary prevention
Rationale: Secondary prevention focuses on early detection, screening, and prompt
intervention to arrest a disease process in its early stages before significant pathology
occurs. Primary prevents the onset; tertiary manages existing disease.
Question 4
A nurse coordinates a smoking cessation public health campaign that utilizes local media,
school seminars, and increased taxation on tobacco products. This comprehensive multi-
sectoral approach aligns with which health framework? A) The Biomedical Model
B) The Socio-Environmental Model
C) The Behavioral/Lifestyle Model
D) The General Adaptation Syndrome Model
Correct Answer: B — The Socio-Environmental Model
Rationale: The socio-environmental approach views health as a product of social, structural,
and environmental factors, using policy, community action, and education together, rather
than focusing solely on individual behavioral modification.
Question 5
When applying the Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) Code of Ethics to a health promotion
initiative, a nurse ensures that community members are active participants in deciding
which health programs are implemented. Which ethical value is directly prioritized? A)
Promoting health and well-being
B) Promoting and respecting informed decision-making
C) Maintaining privacy and confidentiality
D) Being accountable
Correct Answer: B — Promoting and respecting informed decision-making
Rationale: Respecting informed decision-making means recognizing the autonomy of
individuals and communities to identify their own health priorities and choose courses of
action that fit their values.
Question 6
,Edelman and Kudzma Canadian Health Promotion.
Chapters 1-25 Graded A+ (2026/2027)
An immigrant family faces systemic language barriers and lacks access to culturally
appropriate primary health care. This unequal distribution of health resources and
opportunities represents a state of: A) Health equity
B) Health inequity
C) Health literacy
D) Subjective wellness
Correct Answer: B — Health inequity
Rationale: Health inequities are differences in health status or the distribution of health
resources that are unfair, unjust, and driven by systemic, modifiable social and structural
barriers.
Question 7
A public health nurse advocates for a municipal law requiring all new residential buildings to
incorporate accessible green spaces and pedestrian walkways. This initiative is an example of
which Ottawa Charter strategy? A) Reorienting health services
B) Creating supportive environments
C) Strengthening community action
D) Minimizing clinical latency
Correct Answer: B — Creating supportive environments
Rationale: Creating supportive environments focuses on safe, stimulating, and enjoyable
living and working conditions that naturally promote physical and mental health.
Question 8
During a home visit, a nurse provides immunization counseling and administers the annual
influenza vaccine to an elderly patient. This action constitutes: A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Disease palliation
Correct Answer: A — Primary prevention
Rationale: Immunizations are classic primary prevention tools because they precede disease
or dysfunction and protect susceptible individuals from contracting an illness.
Question 9
, Edelman and Kudzma Canadian Health Promotion.
Chapters 1-25 Graded A+ (2026/2027)
A nurse practices cultural humility while caring for Indigenous clients by exploring personal
biases, acknowledging power imbalances within the healthcare system, and respecting
traditional healing practices. This approach supports: A) Cultural assimilation
B) Cultural safety
C) Cultural paternalism
D) Ethnocentric care
Correct Answer: B — Cultural safety
Rationale: Cultural safety extends beyond cultural awareness or sensitivity; it requires an
active shift in power dynamics, self-reflection by the provider, and ensuring that the client
feels respected and safe within their identity.
Question 10
A nursing student reads about the Epp Report, "Achieving Health for All" (1986). Which of
the following were the three primary health promotion challenges identified in this
landmark Canadian document? A) Reducing inequities, increasing prevention, and enhancing
coping
B) Eradicating infectious disease, minimizing hospital stays, and expanding pharmacology
C) Eliminating poverty, standardizing technology, and expanding diagnostic tools
D) Maximizing immunization rates, reducing birth complications, and controlling chronic
disease
Correct Answer: A — Reducing inequities, increasing prevention, and enhancing coping
Rationale: Jake Epp's 1986 framework proposed these three specific challenges as the core
pillars for achieving health for all Canadians, signaling a distinct shift toward community-
based health promotion.
Unit 2: Assessment for Health Promotion (Chapters 6–8)
Question 11
A nurse uses Gordon's Functional Health Patterns framework to assess an individual client.
While gathering data regarding the client's daily bowel habits, laxative usage, and sweat
patterns, the nurse is evaluating which specific pattern? A) Nutritional-Metabolic Pattern
B) Elimination Pattern
C) Activity-Exercise Pattern
D) Cognitive-Perceptual Pattern
