MICROBIOLOGY FINAL
STRAIGHTERLINE, STRAIGHTERLINE
MICRO 250 FINAL PREP NEWEST
2026/2027 WITH OVER 350 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS RATED A+
Which of the following does not indicate microbe involvement in energy and nutrient
flow?
Electrons
The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the ______.
respiratory disease
The number one worldwide infectious diseases are ______.
saturated
A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single-bonded to 2 other
carbons and 2 hydrogens.
lipid
One technique for staining bacteria for viewing under the microscope is called the Gram
stain. In this technique, alcohol is used as a decolorizer because it degrades the outer
membrane found in some bacteria. What chemical component of the cell does alcohol
affect?
95X
If a microbiologist is studying a specimen at a total magnification of 950X, what is the
magnifying power of the objective lens if the ocular lens is 10X?
cell size of 0.5 to 2 microns
NASA has published a list of criteria for identifying fossil bacteria in samples from Mars,
as part of a search for evidence of life. Which of the following is good evidence for the
presence of bacterial cells?
electron
Which type of microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest magnification?
a solid medium
Which of the following is produced by adding 1% to 5% agar to nutrient broth that is
then boiled and cooled?
Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease
a spongiform encephalopathy of humans
amphitrichous
The term that refers to flagella at both poles of the cell is ______.
saprobe
In the condition called athlete's foot, the fungus Trichophyton consumes the keratin
protein found in hair, nails, and dead skin. Which of the following descriptors does not
apply to Trichophyton?
,gram-negative
During the Gram stain, the application of alcohol results in the decolorization of ______
cells.
80s
The size of a eukaryotic ribosome is ______
Bacterial cells are typically between 1-10 μm and are blocked by the filter, whereas
most viruses are between 20 and 200 nm and therefore pass through.
Sterilizing filters have a pore size of 0.22 μm. Which of the following statements is true?
icosahedral
One of the principal viral capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced
corners referred to as a/an _____ capsid.
fecal oral
Amoebic dysentery is most commonly contracted through
lysogeny
the viral genome inserting into bacterial host chromosome
envelope
Which of the following is not associated with every virus?
palisade
When bacilli in a chain fold back upon each other like a hinge, this cellular arrangement
is termed a ______.
histones
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus.
tropisms
Viral tissue specificities are called ______.
lophotrichous
the term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from a single site is
______.
mutualistic
E. coli bacteria normally live in the human gut and produce vitamin K that the body
uses. This is best termed a ______ relationship.
mutualistic
Termites are insects that require the protozoan Trichonympha in their gut to synthesize
the enzyme cellulase to degrade the cellulose in wood. The protozoan uses the end
products of the cellulose breakdown (glucose). This is a(n) ______ relationship.
lag phase
The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated cells are adjusting to
their new environment, metabolizing but not growing at an exponential rate, is the
______.
hypotonic
The cell wall will help prevent the cell from bursting in ______ conditions.
photoheterotroph
This microbe is photosynthetic, but in the absence of light it can use organic compounds
as an energy source. Its carbon source is an organic compound. The appropriate
classification for this organism would be ______.
thermoduric microbe
,A microorganism that has an optimum growth temperature of 37°C, but can survive
short exposure to high temperatures is called a(n) ______.
Noncompetitive inhibition
the end product binding to enzyme in noncompetitive site
catalysts for RNA splicing
Ribozymes are ______.
coenzymes
Most electron carriers are ______.
2
what is the usual net production of ATP?
aerobic cellular respiration
Exergonic reactions occur during
one phosphate, one nitrogenous base, and one sugar
Each nucleotide is composed of
deletion and insertion
A frameshift is caused by ______ mutations.
genomics refers to the study of an organism's entire genome, whereas proteomics is the
study of expressed proteins
The fields of genomics and proteomics differ in that
eukaryotes
endosymbiotic theory
adenine-thymine
Replication of DNA begins at a/an _______ rich area.
capsid
A/an _____ is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus.
hyphae
The long, thread-like branching cells of molds are called ______.
the electron transport system
in which stage of aerobic respiration is water produced?
generalized transduction
A bacteriophage transfers a random fragment of DNA of the previous host to the current
host. This is an example of
Capsule
Which of the following is not a regulatory mechanism used to control the tryptophan
operon in Escherichia coli?
three
The genetic code is translated in groups of __________ bases.
double-stranded circular molecules.
The chromosomes of most bacteria are comprised of
three
In order to add a single amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain, a grand total of
__________ molecules or ATP or GTP are utilized.
genetic fingerprinting
The analysis of genetic relatedness by observing the DNA fragmentation patterns
resulting from restriction endonuclease cleavage is referred to as ______.
melting
, The temperature at which half of the strands of a double-stranded DNA molecule have
separated from each other is called the __________ temperature.
Trichonymphida
Which of the following is found in the intestine of termites and produces enzymes
needed to digest wood particles
as a protective mechanism against adverse changes in the environment and in transfer
from one host to the next.
A cyst formed by a protist functions
flagella
If plants originated from an organism like Chlamydomonas, then the origin of plants
involved the loss of
Aspergillus oryzae
The fungus used in the production of saki and soy sauce is _________.
decomposer
phylogeny
The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called ______.
Last Universal Common Ancestor
The three cell types discussed, eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria, all derived from
______.
always harmful to their host
Organisms called parasites are ______.
Thermal hot springs warmed by heat from earth's interior
The primary ecological function of fungi is that of __________.
Stachybotrys chartarum
Which of the following organisms is responsible for "sick building syndrome?"
Minus Strand or Negative Strand is acceptable.
If a single stranded RNA virus contains genomic RNA that is complementary to the
mRNA that it produces, what type of virus is this categorized as?
temperate
A bacteriophage that can integrate its genome into the host chromosome and not cause
lysis of the host cell is said to be ________.
release
In which of the following stages of the viral infectious cycle do enveloped viruses usually
acquire their envelopes?
spirilla
Rigid bacteria with a helical cell shape are called
facilitated diffusion
The movement of molecules across a membrane from an area of higher concentration
to an area of lower concentration with the use of a carrier molecule embedded in the
membrane is called
consist of a lipid monolayer.
A feature unique to some archaeal plasma membranes is that they may
lysosomes
The food vacuoles and phagocytic vacuoles are most similar to
protozoan
STRAIGHTERLINE, STRAIGHTERLINE
MICRO 250 FINAL PREP NEWEST
2026/2027 WITH OVER 350 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS RATED A+
Which of the following does not indicate microbe involvement in energy and nutrient
flow?
Electrons
The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the ______.
respiratory disease
The number one worldwide infectious diseases are ______.
saturated
A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single-bonded to 2 other
carbons and 2 hydrogens.
lipid
One technique for staining bacteria for viewing under the microscope is called the Gram
stain. In this technique, alcohol is used as a decolorizer because it degrades the outer
membrane found in some bacteria. What chemical component of the cell does alcohol
affect?
95X
If a microbiologist is studying a specimen at a total magnification of 950X, what is the
magnifying power of the objective lens if the ocular lens is 10X?
cell size of 0.5 to 2 microns
NASA has published a list of criteria for identifying fossil bacteria in samples from Mars,
as part of a search for evidence of life. Which of the following is good evidence for the
presence of bacterial cells?
electron
Which type of microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest magnification?
a solid medium
Which of the following is produced by adding 1% to 5% agar to nutrient broth that is
then boiled and cooled?
Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease
a spongiform encephalopathy of humans
amphitrichous
The term that refers to flagella at both poles of the cell is ______.
saprobe
In the condition called athlete's foot, the fungus Trichophyton consumes the keratin
protein found in hair, nails, and dead skin. Which of the following descriptors does not
apply to Trichophyton?
,gram-negative
During the Gram stain, the application of alcohol results in the decolorization of ______
cells.
80s
The size of a eukaryotic ribosome is ______
Bacterial cells are typically between 1-10 μm and are blocked by the filter, whereas
most viruses are between 20 and 200 nm and therefore pass through.
Sterilizing filters have a pore size of 0.22 μm. Which of the following statements is true?
icosahedral
One of the principal viral capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced
corners referred to as a/an _____ capsid.
fecal oral
Amoebic dysentery is most commonly contracted through
lysogeny
the viral genome inserting into bacterial host chromosome
envelope
Which of the following is not associated with every virus?
palisade
When bacilli in a chain fold back upon each other like a hinge, this cellular arrangement
is termed a ______.
histones
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus.
tropisms
Viral tissue specificities are called ______.
lophotrichous
the term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from a single site is
______.
mutualistic
E. coli bacteria normally live in the human gut and produce vitamin K that the body
uses. This is best termed a ______ relationship.
mutualistic
Termites are insects that require the protozoan Trichonympha in their gut to synthesize
the enzyme cellulase to degrade the cellulose in wood. The protozoan uses the end
products of the cellulose breakdown (glucose). This is a(n) ______ relationship.
lag phase
The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated cells are adjusting to
their new environment, metabolizing but not growing at an exponential rate, is the
______.
hypotonic
The cell wall will help prevent the cell from bursting in ______ conditions.
photoheterotroph
This microbe is photosynthetic, but in the absence of light it can use organic compounds
as an energy source. Its carbon source is an organic compound. The appropriate
classification for this organism would be ______.
thermoduric microbe
,A microorganism that has an optimum growth temperature of 37°C, but can survive
short exposure to high temperatures is called a(n) ______.
Noncompetitive inhibition
the end product binding to enzyme in noncompetitive site
catalysts for RNA splicing
Ribozymes are ______.
coenzymes
Most electron carriers are ______.
2
what is the usual net production of ATP?
aerobic cellular respiration
Exergonic reactions occur during
one phosphate, one nitrogenous base, and one sugar
Each nucleotide is composed of
deletion and insertion
A frameshift is caused by ______ mutations.
genomics refers to the study of an organism's entire genome, whereas proteomics is the
study of expressed proteins
The fields of genomics and proteomics differ in that
eukaryotes
endosymbiotic theory
adenine-thymine
Replication of DNA begins at a/an _______ rich area.
capsid
A/an _____ is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus.
hyphae
The long, thread-like branching cells of molds are called ______.
the electron transport system
in which stage of aerobic respiration is water produced?
generalized transduction
A bacteriophage transfers a random fragment of DNA of the previous host to the current
host. This is an example of
Capsule
Which of the following is not a regulatory mechanism used to control the tryptophan
operon in Escherichia coli?
three
The genetic code is translated in groups of __________ bases.
double-stranded circular molecules.
The chromosomes of most bacteria are comprised of
three
In order to add a single amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain, a grand total of
__________ molecules or ATP or GTP are utilized.
genetic fingerprinting
The analysis of genetic relatedness by observing the DNA fragmentation patterns
resulting from restriction endonuclease cleavage is referred to as ______.
melting
, The temperature at which half of the strands of a double-stranded DNA molecule have
separated from each other is called the __________ temperature.
Trichonymphida
Which of the following is found in the intestine of termites and produces enzymes
needed to digest wood particles
as a protective mechanism against adverse changes in the environment and in transfer
from one host to the next.
A cyst formed by a protist functions
flagella
If plants originated from an organism like Chlamydomonas, then the origin of plants
involved the loss of
Aspergillus oryzae
The fungus used in the production of saki and soy sauce is _________.
decomposer
phylogeny
The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called ______.
Last Universal Common Ancestor
The three cell types discussed, eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria, all derived from
______.
always harmful to their host
Organisms called parasites are ______.
Thermal hot springs warmed by heat from earth's interior
The primary ecological function of fungi is that of __________.
Stachybotrys chartarum
Which of the following organisms is responsible for "sick building syndrome?"
Minus Strand or Negative Strand is acceptable.
If a single stranded RNA virus contains genomic RNA that is complementary to the
mRNA that it produces, what type of virus is this categorized as?
temperate
A bacteriophage that can integrate its genome into the host chromosome and not cause
lysis of the host cell is said to be ________.
release
In which of the following stages of the viral infectious cycle do enveloped viruses usually
acquire their envelopes?
spirilla
Rigid bacteria with a helical cell shape are called
facilitated diffusion
The movement of molecules across a membrane from an area of higher concentration
to an area of lower concentration with the use of a carrier molecule embedded in the
membrane is called
consist of a lipid monolayer.
A feature unique to some archaeal plasma membranes is that they may
lysosomes
The food vacuoles and phagocytic vacuoles are most similar to
protozoan
