MICROBIOLOGY FINAL
STRAIGHTERLINE, FINAL EXAM
STRAIGHTERLINE MICROBIOLOGY
2026 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS ( 100% ACCURATE) GET IT
RIGHT!!
Which scientific field is involved in the identification, classification, and naming
of organisms?
taxonomy
Microorganisms require small quantities of ______ for enzyme function and
maintenance of protein structure.
trace elements
Viruses attach to their hosts via ______.
host glycoproteins
Which type of microscope shows cells against a white background?
bright-field
The light-harvesting units in the thylakoid membranes are the ______.
photosystems
Infectious naked strands of RNA that affect plants are called ______.
viroids
The process of sporangium formation and endospore maturation requires 6-8
hours. What is most likely to result if the temperature of the environment was
raised to 100°C about 2 hours after the process started?
The endospore would not form properly because it is not yet heat resistant
An organism that cannot tolerate an oxygen environment is a(n) ______.
,obligate anaerobe
A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single-bonded to 2
other carbons and 2 hydrogens.
saturated
A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is ______.
Mycobacterium
The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called ______.
phylogeny
The three cell types discussed, eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria, all derived from
______.
Last Universal Common Ancestor
Organisms called parasites are ______.
always harmful to their host
Which of the following does not indicate microbe involvement in energy and
nutrient flow?
Thermal hot springs warmed by heat from earth's interior
The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the ______.
Electrons
The number one worldwide infectious diseases are ______.
respiratory disease
A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single-bonded to 2
other carbons and 2 hydrogens.
saturated
One technique for staining bacteria for viewing under the microscope is called the
Gram stain. In this technique, alcohol is used as a decolorizer because it degrades
the outer membrane found in some bacteria. What chemical component of the cell
does alcohol affect?
lipid
,If a microbiologist is studying a specimen at a total magnification of 950X, what is
the magnifying power of the objective lens if the ocular lens is 10X?
95X
NASA has published a list of criteria for identifying fossil bacteria in samples from
Mars, as part of a search for evidence of life. Which of the following is good
evidence for the presence of bacterial cells?
cell size of 0.5 to 2 microns
Which type of microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest
magnification?
electron
Which of the following is produced by adding 1% to 5% agar to nutrient broth that
is then boiled and cooled?
a solid medium
a spongiform encephalopathy of humans
Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease
The term that refers to flagella at both poles of the cell is ______.
amphitrichous
In the condition called athlete's foot, the fungus Trichophyton consumes the keratin
protein found in hair, nails, and dead skin. Which of the following descriptors does
not apply to Trichophyton?
saprobe
During the Gram stain, the application of alcohol results in the decolorization of
______ cells.
gram-negative
The size of a eukaryotic ribosome is ______
80s
Sterilizing filters have a pore size of 0.22 μm. Which of the following statements is
true?
, Bacterial cells are typically between 1-10 μm and are blocked by the filter, whereas
most viruses are between 20 and 200 nm and therefore pass through.
One of the principal viral capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced
corners referred to as a/an _____ capsid.
icosahedral
Amoebic dysentery is most commonly contracted through
fecal oral
the viral genome inserting into bacterial host chromosome
lysogeny
Which of the following is not associated with every virus?
envelope
When bacilli in a chain fold back upon each other like a hinge, this cellular
arrangement is termed a ______.
palisade
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus.
histones
Viral tissue specificities are called ______.
tropisms
the term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from a single site
is ______.
lophotrichous
E. coli bacteria normally live in the human gut and produce vitamin K that the
body uses. This is best termed a ______ relationship.
mutualistic
Termites are insects that require the protozoan Trichonympha in their gut to
synthesize the enzyme cellulase to degrade the cellulose in wood. The protozoan
uses the end products of the cellulose breakdown (glucose). This is a(n) ______
relationship.
STRAIGHTERLINE, FINAL EXAM
STRAIGHTERLINE MICROBIOLOGY
2026 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS ( 100% ACCURATE) GET IT
RIGHT!!
Which scientific field is involved in the identification, classification, and naming
of organisms?
taxonomy
Microorganisms require small quantities of ______ for enzyme function and
maintenance of protein structure.
trace elements
Viruses attach to their hosts via ______.
host glycoproteins
Which type of microscope shows cells against a white background?
bright-field
The light-harvesting units in the thylakoid membranes are the ______.
photosystems
Infectious naked strands of RNA that affect plants are called ______.
viroids
The process of sporangium formation and endospore maturation requires 6-8
hours. What is most likely to result if the temperature of the environment was
raised to 100°C about 2 hours after the process started?
The endospore would not form properly because it is not yet heat resistant
An organism that cannot tolerate an oxygen environment is a(n) ______.
,obligate anaerobe
A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single-bonded to 2
other carbons and 2 hydrogens.
saturated
A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is ______.
Mycobacterium
The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called ______.
phylogeny
The three cell types discussed, eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria, all derived from
______.
Last Universal Common Ancestor
Organisms called parasites are ______.
always harmful to their host
Which of the following does not indicate microbe involvement in energy and
nutrient flow?
Thermal hot springs warmed by heat from earth's interior
The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the ______.
Electrons
The number one worldwide infectious diseases are ______.
respiratory disease
A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single-bonded to 2
other carbons and 2 hydrogens.
saturated
One technique for staining bacteria for viewing under the microscope is called the
Gram stain. In this technique, alcohol is used as a decolorizer because it degrades
the outer membrane found in some bacteria. What chemical component of the cell
does alcohol affect?
lipid
,If a microbiologist is studying a specimen at a total magnification of 950X, what is
the magnifying power of the objective lens if the ocular lens is 10X?
95X
NASA has published a list of criteria for identifying fossil bacteria in samples from
Mars, as part of a search for evidence of life. Which of the following is good
evidence for the presence of bacterial cells?
cell size of 0.5 to 2 microns
Which type of microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest
magnification?
electron
Which of the following is produced by adding 1% to 5% agar to nutrient broth that
is then boiled and cooled?
a solid medium
a spongiform encephalopathy of humans
Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease
The term that refers to flagella at both poles of the cell is ______.
amphitrichous
In the condition called athlete's foot, the fungus Trichophyton consumes the keratin
protein found in hair, nails, and dead skin. Which of the following descriptors does
not apply to Trichophyton?
saprobe
During the Gram stain, the application of alcohol results in the decolorization of
______ cells.
gram-negative
The size of a eukaryotic ribosome is ______
80s
Sterilizing filters have a pore size of 0.22 μm. Which of the following statements is
true?
, Bacterial cells are typically between 1-10 μm and are blocked by the filter, whereas
most viruses are between 20 and 200 nm and therefore pass through.
One of the principal viral capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced
corners referred to as a/an _____ capsid.
icosahedral
Amoebic dysentery is most commonly contracted through
fecal oral
the viral genome inserting into bacterial host chromosome
lysogeny
Which of the following is not associated with every virus?
envelope
When bacilli in a chain fold back upon each other like a hinge, this cellular
arrangement is termed a ______.
palisade
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus.
histones
Viral tissue specificities are called ______.
tropisms
the term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from a single site
is ______.
lophotrichous
E. coli bacteria normally live in the human gut and produce vitamin K that the
body uses. This is best termed a ______ relationship.
mutualistic
Termites are insects that require the protozoan Trichonympha in their gut to
synthesize the enzyme cellulase to degrade the cellulose in wood. The protozoan
uses the end products of the cellulose breakdown (glucose). This is a(n) ______
relationship.
