BIO 101 - EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2026

BIO 101 - EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
"MET"K(START)KINKTRASCRIPTIONK-KCORRECTKANSWERSK-AUG



"STOP"KINKTRANSCRIPTIONK-KCORRECTKANSWERSK-UAA

UAG

UGA



1stKlawKofKthermodynamicsK-KCORRECTKANSWERSK-
AKversionKofKtheKlawKofKconservationKofKenergy,KadaptedKforKthermodynamicKsystems.KTheKlawKofK
conservationKofKenergyKstatesKthatKtheKtotalKenergyKofKanKisolatedKsystemKisKconstant;KenergyKcanK
beKtransformedKfromKoneKformKtoKanother,KbutKcannotKbeKcreatedKorKdestroyed



1stKStructure:KPrimaryKStructureK(ofKproteinKorganization)K-KCORRECTKANSWERSK-
•KLinearKchainKofKaminoKacids

•KFlexible,KhasKpolarity,KandKhasKfunctionalKgroups



2ndKlawKofKthermodynamicsK-KCORRECTKANSWERSK-
StatesKthatKtheKtotalKentropyKofKanKisolatedKsystemKalwaysKincreasesKoverKtime,KorKremainsKconsta
ntKinKidealKcasesKwhereKtheKsystemKisKinKaKsteadyKstateKorKundergoingKaKreversibleKprocess.



4KMajorKmacromolecules:K-KCORRECTKANSWERSK-•KLipidsK

•KCarbohydrateK(Starch)K

•KProteinsK(Hemoglobin)K

•KNucleicKAcidsK(DNAK&KRNA)

,ALLKORGANISMSKAREKMADEKOFKCELLSKANDKALLKCELLSKCOMEKFROMKPREEXISTINGKCELLS.KTHISKISK_
____.K-KCORRECTKANSWERSK-CellKtheory



AtomicKMassK-KCORRECTKANSWERSK-
•KNumberKofKprotonsK(numberKofKelectronsKinKaKneutralKatom)



AtomicKNumberK-KCORRECTKANSWERSK-•KNumberKofKprotonsK+KneutronsK

•KWrittenKasKaKsubscriptKtoKtheKleftKofKtheKsymbolKforKtheKelement



BONDINGKOFK2KAMINOKACIDSKTOKFORMKAKLARGERKMOLECULEKREQUIRESK________.K-
KCORRECTKANSWERSK-RemovalKofKwaterKmolecules




ByKweight,KwhichKoneKhasKtheKhighestKconcentrationKinKtheKcell?K-KCORRECTKANSWERSK-Proteins



CentralKDogmaKofKBiologyK-KCORRECTKANSWERSK-
•KItKprovidesKtheKbasicKframeworkKforKhowKgeneticKinformationKflowsKfromKaKDNAKsequenceKtoKaKp
roteinKproductKinsideKcells.KThisKprocessKofKgeneticKinformationKflowingKfromKDNAKtoKRNAKtoKprot
einKisKcalledKgeneKexpression.



CHEATKSHEATKFORKTRANSCRIPTION:K-KCORRECTKANSWERSK-(3K-K5)K:K(WRITINGKYOURKOWN)K



"A"K=KU"

"T"K=K"A"

"C"K=K"G"

"G"K=K"C"



(5-3)KSECONDKONE!!!

AK=KTK

, T K=KA

GK=KCK

CK=KG



ChildKbirth.KDuringKlabor,KaKhormoneKcalledKoxytocinKisKreleasedKthatKintensifiesKandKspeedsKupKco
ntractionsKORKtheKclottingKofKyourKbloodKinKresponseKtoKanKinjury.KWhenKaKbloodKvesselKisKdamage
d,KstructuresKinKtheKbloodK(platelets)KbeginKtoKaggregateKatKtheKsite.KPositiveKfeedbackKoccursKasKc
hemicalsKreleasedKbyKtheKplateletsKattractKmoreKplatelets.KTheKplateletKpileupKthenKinitiatesKaKcom
plexKprocessKthatKsealsKtheKwoundKwithKaKclot.K



WHATKISKTHISKANKEXAMPLEKOF??K-KCORRECTKANSWERSK-PositiveKFeedback



CondensationKReactionK-KCORRECTKANSWERSK-HK-KAK-KOHK+KHK-KBK-KOHK→KHK-KAK-KBK-KOHK+KH20



ContractileK&KMotorKProteinsK-KCORRECTKANSWERSK-
•KMovement.KEX:KmotorKproteinsKresponsibleKforKtheKundulationsKofKciliaKandKflagella.KActinKandK
myosinKproteinsKareKresponsibleKforKtheKcontractionKofKmuscles.



CovalentKBondsK-KCORRECTKANSWERSK-•KSTRONGESTKBOND!

•K2KatomsKshareKelectrons

•KEXAMPLE:KbondingKofKoxygenKandKhydrogenKinKH2OK

•KEachKatomKthatKcanKshareKvalenceKelectronsKhasKaKbondingKcapacityKcorrespondingKtoKtheKnumb
erKofKcovalentKbondsKtheKatomKcanKform.KWhenKtheKbondsKformKtheyKgiveKtheKatomKaKfullKcomple
mentKofKelectronsKinKtheKvalenceKshell.KTheKbondingKcapacityKisKcalledKtheKvalence.K

•KWATERK-KessentialKtoKlife



DefensiveKProteinsK-KCORRECTKANSWERSK-
•KProtectionKagainstKdisease.KEX:KantibodiesKinactiveKandKhelpKdestroyKvirusesKandKbacteria