NUR 2063 / NUR2063 Exam 2 – Pathophysiology
(Latest 2026/2027 Update) | Rasmussen
University | Verified Questions & Answers | 100%
Correct Solutions | Grade A
Q: What is gastritis?
Answer
Inflammation of the stomach lining. The lining will be red and inflamed and irritated
Q: What are the causes of gastritis?
Answer
Ingestion of irritating substances such a alcohol, aspirin, NSAIDS, viruses and bacteria
Q: What is GERD?
Answer
the back flow of gastric contents into the esophagus through the lower esophageal sphincter. The
inflammation occurs from the reflex of highly acidic stomach acid that comes up.
Q: What are the causes of GERD?
Answer
Any condition or agent that alters closure of the lower esophageal sphincter or increases in
abdominal pressure, fatty food, caffeine, large amounts of alcohol, smoking, pregnancy and
anatomical features like hiatal hernia
,Q: What are complications of GERD?
Answer
Barrett's esophagus where columnar tissue replaces normal squamous tissue in the distal
esophagus that carries a high risk for cancer. Progression can lead to ulcers and scarring.
Esophageal strictures, pulmonary symptoms such as cough, asthma and laryngitis from reflux in
breathing passages.
Q: What are the signs and symptoms of peptic ulcer disease?
Answer
epigastric burning pain that is usually relieved by food or antacids (gastric ulcers present on
empty stomach but can be after food, duodenal ulcers present 2-3 hours after food and is relieved
by food). Can also be life threatening as GI bleeding can occur without warning and cause a drop
in H/H and dark tarry stools and hematemesis.
Q: What is the role of H.pylori in peptic ulcer disease?
Answer
promotes both gastric and duodenal ulcer formation and thrives in acidic areas. It slows down
ulcer healing and can reoccur frequently, and taking it away can help ulcers heal.
,Q: What is pseudomembranous colitis?(C.diff)
Answer
acute inflammation and necrosis of large intestine. The intestinal lining cannot absorb well.
Q: What is the cause of pseudomembranous colitis?
Answer
clostridium difficile, exposure to long term antibiotics that off set the e.coli and c.diff balance in
intestine
Q: What are the manifestations of pseudomembranous colitis?
Answer
foul smelling/bloody stool, abdominal pain, fever, leukocytosis, sepsis, colonic perforation.
Q: How do we treat pseudomembranous colitis?
Answer
stop current antibiotics, treat ischemia and contributing conditions, give oral antibiotics like
metronidazole or vancomycin, fecal transplant or colectomy if severe
Q: How do we prevent the spread of pseudomembranous colitis?
Answer
wearing appropriate PPE and washing hands with soap and water only
, Q: Q: What are the signs and symptoms of appendicitis?
Answer
Periumbilical pain, RLQ pain, presence of a positive McBurneys point with pain, nausea,
vomiting, fever, diarrhea, RLQ tenderness, systemic signs of infection
Q: How do we assess for appendicitis?
Answer
McBurney's point technique when pressing on the belly button and RLQ hip region and
removing the pressure causes intense pain, indicates positive appendicitis
Q: What are the causes of bowel obstructions?
Answer
previous surgery of the intestines with adhesions, congenital abnormalities of the bowel,
metastatic cancer of the intestinal tract or female reproductive organs, accumulation of fluid, gas,
water and electrolytes in the bowel.
Q: What is a functional bowel obstruction?
Answer
a problem with the act of the bowel actually moving, such as things that inhibit movement from
surgery, medications, opioids, low fiber diets that can slow motility or shut off the GI system
from the SNS stimulation.
(Latest 2026/2027 Update) | Rasmussen
University | Verified Questions & Answers | 100%
Correct Solutions | Grade A
Q: What is gastritis?
Answer
Inflammation of the stomach lining. The lining will be red and inflamed and irritated
Q: What are the causes of gastritis?
Answer
Ingestion of irritating substances such a alcohol, aspirin, NSAIDS, viruses and bacteria
Q: What is GERD?
Answer
the back flow of gastric contents into the esophagus through the lower esophageal sphincter. The
inflammation occurs from the reflex of highly acidic stomach acid that comes up.
Q: What are the causes of GERD?
Answer
Any condition or agent that alters closure of the lower esophageal sphincter or increases in
abdominal pressure, fatty food, caffeine, large amounts of alcohol, smoking, pregnancy and
anatomical features like hiatal hernia
,Q: What are complications of GERD?
Answer
Barrett's esophagus where columnar tissue replaces normal squamous tissue in the distal
esophagus that carries a high risk for cancer. Progression can lead to ulcers and scarring.
Esophageal strictures, pulmonary symptoms such as cough, asthma and laryngitis from reflux in
breathing passages.
Q: What are the signs and symptoms of peptic ulcer disease?
Answer
epigastric burning pain that is usually relieved by food or antacids (gastric ulcers present on
empty stomach but can be after food, duodenal ulcers present 2-3 hours after food and is relieved
by food). Can also be life threatening as GI bleeding can occur without warning and cause a drop
in H/H and dark tarry stools and hematemesis.
Q: What is the role of H.pylori in peptic ulcer disease?
Answer
promotes both gastric and duodenal ulcer formation and thrives in acidic areas. It slows down
ulcer healing and can reoccur frequently, and taking it away can help ulcers heal.
,Q: What is pseudomembranous colitis?(C.diff)
Answer
acute inflammation and necrosis of large intestine. The intestinal lining cannot absorb well.
Q: What is the cause of pseudomembranous colitis?
Answer
clostridium difficile, exposure to long term antibiotics that off set the e.coli and c.diff balance in
intestine
Q: What are the manifestations of pseudomembranous colitis?
Answer
foul smelling/bloody stool, abdominal pain, fever, leukocytosis, sepsis, colonic perforation.
Q: How do we treat pseudomembranous colitis?
Answer
stop current antibiotics, treat ischemia and contributing conditions, give oral antibiotics like
metronidazole or vancomycin, fecal transplant or colectomy if severe
Q: How do we prevent the spread of pseudomembranous colitis?
Answer
wearing appropriate PPE and washing hands with soap and water only
, Q: Q: What are the signs and symptoms of appendicitis?
Answer
Periumbilical pain, RLQ pain, presence of a positive McBurneys point with pain, nausea,
vomiting, fever, diarrhea, RLQ tenderness, systemic signs of infection
Q: How do we assess for appendicitis?
Answer
McBurney's point technique when pressing on the belly button and RLQ hip region and
removing the pressure causes intense pain, indicates positive appendicitis
Q: What are the causes of bowel obstructions?
Answer
previous surgery of the intestines with adhesions, congenital abnormalities of the bowel,
metastatic cancer of the intestinal tract or female reproductive organs, accumulation of fluid, gas,
water and electrolytes in the bowel.
Q: What is a functional bowel obstruction?
Answer
a problem with the act of the bowel actually moving, such as things that inhibit movement from
surgery, medications, opioids, low fiber diets that can slow motility or shut off the GI system
from the SNS stimulation.
