Latest Comprehensive Med-Surg and Pharmacology Review for Nursing Student
Comprehensive Med-Surg and Pharmacology Review for Nursing Student
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j7wzue
1. What is the primary reason They provide renoprotective effects against DM-induced kidney
ACE inhibitors or ARBs are damage.
first-line for patients with
both DM and HTN?
2. What respiratory pattern is Kussmaul breathing; it is a compensatory mechanism to blow off
associated with DKA and CO2 and raise pH.
why does it occur?
3. How does insulin adminis- It drives potassium into the cells, potentially causing hy-
tration affect serum potassi- pokalemia.
um levels?
4. What is the risk of using con- Increased risk of lactic acidosis.
trast dye in patients taking
Metformin?
5. What is the normal range for 7.35-7.45
arterial blood pH?
6. In the ROME method, what In respiratory imbalances, the pH and PaCO2 move in opposite
does 'Respiratory Opposite' directions.
mean?
7. Which organ system pro- The renal system (kidneys).
vides the slowest but most
powerful long-term control
of acid-base balance?
8. What are the primary causes NG suction, prolonged vomiting, diuretics, Cushing's, and
of metabolic alkalosis? antacid excess.
9. Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign.
4/16/2026, 1:43:23 PM
, Latest Comprehensive Med-Surg and Pharmacology Review for Nursing Student
Comprehensive Med-Surg and Pharmacology Review for Nursing Student
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j7wzue
What clinical signs indicate
hypocalcemia in acid-base
imbalances?
10. What is the hallmark clinical The presence of ketones and metabolic acidosis.
sign of DKA that distinguish-
es it from HHS?
11. Which pancreatic cells se- Alpha cells.
crete glucagon?
12. What is the primary function It unlocks cells via GLUT-4 transporters to allow glucose entry.
of insulin regarding cellular
glucose uptake?
13. What is the difference in in- Type 1 is an absolute insulin deficiency; Type 2 is a relative
sulin status between Type 1 deficiency due to insulin resistance.
and Type 2 DM?
14. What are the classic symp- Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weight loss.
toms of diabetes mellitus?
15. How does HHS differ from HHS patients maintain a normal pH, whereas DKA patients have
DKA regarding blood pH? metabolic acidosis.
16. What are the early vs. late Early: sweating, shakiness, anxiety, tachycardia. Late: confusion,
signs of hypoglycemia? seizure, coma.
17. What is the #1 cause of adult Diabetes mellitus (retinopathy and nephropathy).
blindness and ESRD?
18. What is the definition of a A diastolic blood pressure greater than 140 mmHg.
hypertensive crisis?
4/16/2026, 1:43:23 PM
Comprehensive Med-Surg and Pharmacology Review for Nursing Student
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j7wzue
1. What is the primary reason They provide renoprotective effects against DM-induced kidney
ACE inhibitors or ARBs are damage.
first-line for patients with
both DM and HTN?
2. What respiratory pattern is Kussmaul breathing; it is a compensatory mechanism to blow off
associated with DKA and CO2 and raise pH.
why does it occur?
3. How does insulin adminis- It drives potassium into the cells, potentially causing hy-
tration affect serum potassi- pokalemia.
um levels?
4. What is the risk of using con- Increased risk of lactic acidosis.
trast dye in patients taking
Metformin?
5. What is the normal range for 7.35-7.45
arterial blood pH?
6. In the ROME method, what In respiratory imbalances, the pH and PaCO2 move in opposite
does 'Respiratory Opposite' directions.
mean?
7. Which organ system pro- The renal system (kidneys).
vides the slowest but most
powerful long-term control
of acid-base balance?
8. What are the primary causes NG suction, prolonged vomiting, diuretics, Cushing's, and
of metabolic alkalosis? antacid excess.
9. Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign.
4/16/2026, 1:43:23 PM
, Latest Comprehensive Med-Surg and Pharmacology Review for Nursing Student
Comprehensive Med-Surg and Pharmacology Review for Nursing Student
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j7wzue
What clinical signs indicate
hypocalcemia in acid-base
imbalances?
10. What is the hallmark clinical The presence of ketones and metabolic acidosis.
sign of DKA that distinguish-
es it from HHS?
11. Which pancreatic cells se- Alpha cells.
crete glucagon?
12. What is the primary function It unlocks cells via GLUT-4 transporters to allow glucose entry.
of insulin regarding cellular
glucose uptake?
13. What is the difference in in- Type 1 is an absolute insulin deficiency; Type 2 is a relative
sulin status between Type 1 deficiency due to insulin resistance.
and Type 2 DM?
14. What are the classic symp- Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weight loss.
toms of diabetes mellitus?
15. How does HHS differ from HHS patients maintain a normal pH, whereas DKA patients have
DKA regarding blood pH? metabolic acidosis.
16. What are the early vs. late Early: sweating, shakiness, anxiety, tachycardia. Late: confusion,
signs of hypoglycemia? seizure, coma.
17. What is the #1 cause of adult Diabetes mellitus (retinopathy and nephropathy).
blindness and ESRD?
18. What is the definition of a A diastolic blood pressure greater than 140 mmHg.
hypertensive crisis?
4/16/2026, 1:43:23 PM
