The Philippine Professional Nursing Practice Standard Questions and Answers

The Philippine Professional Nursing Practice Standard Questions and Answers are authoritative statements of the duties that all registered nurses, regardless of role, population or specialty are expected to perform competently. Standard of Professional Nursing Practice defined nursing standards as a guide to the knowledge, skills, judgment and attitudes that are needed to practice safely. They reflect a desired and achievable level of performance against which actual performance can be compared. The Registered Nurses Association of British Columbia (2003) and the College of Nurses of Ontario (2002) enumerated the powers, duties and functions of the Professional Regulatory Board of Nursing (PRBON). Article III, Sec. 4 (h) of Republic Act No. 7164 (the Philippine Nursing Act of 1991) shall "Promulgate decisions or adopt measures as may be necessary for the improvement of the nursing practice, for the advancement of the profession...." PRBON What month and year does PRBON Chair Aurora S. Yapchiangco called a meeting/workshop participated by representatives of nursing associations on "Safe Nursing Practice." September 1994 states that: "the PRBON is empowered to monitor and enforce quality standards of nursing practice in the Philippines and exercise the powers necessary to ensure the maintenance of efficient, ethical, and technical, moral and professional standards in the practice of nursing taking into account the health needs of the nation." the R. A. No. 9173 (Philippine Nursing Act of 2002). Article III, Sec. 9 (c) of the law The 2005 Standards identified four major competencies of a beginning nurse: (1) Patient Care Competencies (2) Empowering Competencies (3) Enhancing Competencies (4) Enabling Competencies Under each competency were key areas of responsibility. The 4 major competencies of a beginning nurse can be applied to the practice of professional nurses and can serve as a guide for nursing specialty practice. 2012 National Nursing Core Competency Standards (NNCCS) Three major roles of nurses have been defined: (1) Beginning Nurses' Role in Client Care (2) Beginning Nurses' Role in Leadership and Management (3) Beginning Nurses' Role in Research describe the competencies of the nurse and the indicators of performance. Standards of care is to promote, guide, and direct professional practice. The nursing standards will be used by the individual nurses, the public, the employers, the regulatory boards, the academe and other stakeholders. The primary purpose of nursing standard can: 1) have a better understanding of their professional obligation 2) use nursing standards as a basis for their own continuing competence and professional development 3) advocate for changes in policies ad practice 4) define and resolve professional practice issues and concerns. Professional nurse can develop systems that support nurses to meet prescribed standards of practice focusing on: 1) developing job descriptions 2) developing orientation and in-service programs 3) creating a performance appraisal tool employers to serve as guide in the setting of nursing curriculum standards Nursing education leaders can be assured of competent, safe, quality nursing care and ethical practice. the public can use these as bases for legal responsibility to protect the public by regulating nursing practice by: 1) recognizing the entry-level education program 2) providing guidance to nurses on their professional obligations 3) providing a foundation for the assessment of their professional performance 4) clarifying to the public and other healthcare professionals what the profession expects of its members 5) serving as a basis for addressing incompetent and unethical nursing practice. PRBON The PRBON and its Technical Working Group (TWG) continually worked on the competency standards by refining the set of competencies and the indicators of performance using the following four domains: A. Value-Based Nursing Practice B. Knowledge-Driven Nursing Practice C. Outcome-Oriented Professional Relationship D. Leadership and Governance were identified and aptly classified by the TWG in its process of benchmarking the Philippine nursing standards with those of other countries such as the USA, Canada, Australia, UK, Hongkong and Singapore. The 4 domains is a clinical decision-making process guided by empirical body of knowledge, ethico-moral values and practices, rules and regulations, combined with appropriate competencies in client care reflecting personal and professional values when engaging with others of diverse cultures. Value-Based Nursing Practice What are the standards in Value-Based Nursing Practice? Standard A.1 - Care of Clients Standard A.2 - Ethical, Moral, Legal Practice Standard A.3 - Personal and Professional Values is the provision of professional nursing services to varied clients Standard A.1 - Care of Clients Adherence to ethical, moral and legal practice in the provision of care. Standard A.2 - Ethical, Moral, Legal Practice refers to principles that encourage universal values such as trust, respect, fairness, and benevolence. Standard A.2 - Ethical refers to beliefs of what is right or wrong Standard A.2 - Moral refers to conformity to the provisions of relevant laws and jurisprudence Standard A.2 - Legal Practice are a set of individual principles, standards, concepts, beliefs, and ideas that are internalized from the society and culture in which one lives. Standard A.3 - Personal Values are beliefs and principles that guide nursing practice and which influence one's work behavior. These are acquired through experience, education, training, and practice considering, but not limited by, regulatory standards, code of ethics, and the one values of the nursing profession. Standards A.3 - Professional Values refers to the consistent application of a scientific body of knowledge and skills through the integration of the different patterns of knowing (Carper, 1978) such as esthetics, ethics, and personal relationships as bases for safe and sound judgement to appropriate care of clients. B. Knowledge-Driven Nursing Practice Standards What are the standards in Knowledge-Driven Nursing Practice Standards? Standard B.1 - Research Standard B.2 - Evidence-Based Nursing Practice Standard B.3 - Continual Quality Improvement is a scientific process that validates existing theories/models and generates new knowledge to improve nursing practice, client outcomes, and health care delivery system. Standard B.1 - Research is a problem-solving approach that integrates current best evidences, clinical expertise, and client's preference and values in making decisions towards promoting safe and quality nursing practice. Standard B.2 - Evidence-Based Nursing Practice is the analysis of performance, monitoring of the outcome of processes, and application of strategies for the improvement of safe and quality nursing practice. Standard B.3 - Continual Quality Improvement refer to intra- and inter- professional relationships that lead to an enhancement of one's role through communication, collaboration and understanding of cultural context to achieve mutually-agreed upon outcomes for client care. Outcome-Oriented Professional Relationships What are the standards in Outcome-Oriented Professional Relationships? Standard C.1 - Communication Standard C.2 - Collaboration and Teamwork Standard C.3 - Transcultural Nursing Care is a relational process whereby messages are transmitted and understood by both the sender and the recipient using varied modes, skills and approaches including media and information technology with the goal to facilitate effective health care delivery. Standard C.1 - Communication refers to the process where there is partnership among the health care professionals which is reciprocal and founded on respect and trust, considering each other's expertise in achieving mutual goals. Standard C.2 - Collaboration is to "function effectively within nursing and interprofessional teams, fostering open communication, mutual respect, and shared decision-making to achieve quality patient care." (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2013). Standard C.2 - Teamwork is the provision of safe, efficacious, responsible and meaningful nursing services to people according to their cultural values and health-illness context. Standard C.3 - Transcultural Nursing Care is influencing other people through the exercise of authority, direction, control and regulation in the practice of the nursing profession to achieve desired goals. Leadership and Governance What are the standards in Leadership and Governance? Standard D.1 - Personal and Professional Development Standard D.2 - Personal Responsibility and Accountability Standard D.3 - Positive Practice Environment Standard D.4 - Social Responsibility Standard D.5 - Resource Management refers to the acquisition of knowledge and skills for ensuring that one's performance in the chosen area of expertise is always at the highest possible level, in both career and life roles. Standard D.1 - Personal and Professional Development refers to the nurse's obligations, accountability and liability in carrying out the authority accorded by the state through the Nursing Law and other regulatory laws, policies and rules. Standard D.2 - Responsibility is the nurse's willingness to be judged against performance expectations and live with the consequences of one's actions. Standard D.2 - Accountability is one where the nurse performs in a supportive, safe, caring, encouraging, and positively charged workplace where the individual's potentials are maximally developed. It includes the physical, psychological, socio-political, cultural, and spiritual dimensions of the work setting. Standard D.3 - Positive Practice Environment is an obligation to act in fulfilling one's civic duty for the benefit of society. The nurse is sensitive and responsive to the social, cultural, economic, political, spiritual and environmental issues. Standard D.4 - Social Relationship