, NU 150 Exam 3 – Pharmacology (2026) | Galen
College of Nursing | Complete Exam Questions &
Verified Answers with Detailed Rationales | Latest
Study Guide | A+ Graded
Q1. A nurse is caring for a patient taking omeprazole.
Which finding indicates the medication is effective?
A) Decreased bowel sounds
B) The patient reports no gastric reflux or heartburn
C) Increased appetite and weight gain
D) Decreased urination frequency
Correct Answer: B. The patient reports no gastric reflux
or heartburn
Rationale: Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
that reduces gastric acid production by blocking the
H+/K+-ATPase enzyme system in gastric parietal cells .
Symptom relief—less heartburn and reflux—is the best
indicator of effectiveness.
,Q2. A patient taking omeprazole long-term should be
monitored for which complication?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Increased risk of fractures
C) Hypothyroidism
D) Increased clotting
Correct Answer: B. Increased risk of fractures
Rationale: Long-term PPI use is associated with
decreased calcium absorption and bone density,
increasing the risk of fractures, especially in older adults .
This is due to reduced gastric acid needed for calcium
absorption.
Q3. A patient is scheduled for surgery and prescribed an
anticholinergic medication. What is the purpose of this
medication?
A) To decrease respiratory secretions
B) To increase urine output
C) To lower blood pressure
D) To reduce inflammatory response
, Correct Answer: A. To decrease respiratory secretions
Rationale: Preoperative anticholinergics (e.g., atropine,
scopolamine) reduce salivary and bronchial secretions,
decreasing the risk of aspiration during anesthesia .
Q4. Which of the following is a classic sign of
anticholinergic medication effects?
A) Diarrhea
B) Bradycardia
C) Dry mouth and constipation
D) Increased salivation
Correct Answer: C. Dry mouth and constipation
Rationale: Anticholinergic medications block the
parasympathetic nervous system, producing effects
remembered by the mnemonic: "Can't see, can't pee,
can't spit, can't sh*t" . This includes dry mouth, blurred
vision, urinary retention, and constipation.
College of Nursing | Complete Exam Questions &
Verified Answers with Detailed Rationales | Latest
Study Guide | A+ Graded
Q1. A nurse is caring for a patient taking omeprazole.
Which finding indicates the medication is effective?
A) Decreased bowel sounds
B) The patient reports no gastric reflux or heartburn
C) Increased appetite and weight gain
D) Decreased urination frequency
Correct Answer: B. The patient reports no gastric reflux
or heartburn
Rationale: Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
that reduces gastric acid production by blocking the
H+/K+-ATPase enzyme system in gastric parietal cells .
Symptom relief—less heartburn and reflux—is the best
indicator of effectiveness.
,Q2. A patient taking omeprazole long-term should be
monitored for which complication?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Increased risk of fractures
C) Hypothyroidism
D) Increased clotting
Correct Answer: B. Increased risk of fractures
Rationale: Long-term PPI use is associated with
decreased calcium absorption and bone density,
increasing the risk of fractures, especially in older adults .
This is due to reduced gastric acid needed for calcium
absorption.
Q3. A patient is scheduled for surgery and prescribed an
anticholinergic medication. What is the purpose of this
medication?
A) To decrease respiratory secretions
B) To increase urine output
C) To lower blood pressure
D) To reduce inflammatory response
, Correct Answer: A. To decrease respiratory secretions
Rationale: Preoperative anticholinergics (e.g., atropine,
scopolamine) reduce salivary and bronchial secretions,
decreasing the risk of aspiration during anesthesia .
Q4. Which of the following is a classic sign of
anticholinergic medication effects?
A) Diarrhea
B) Bradycardia
C) Dry mouth and constipation
D) Increased salivation
Correct Answer: C. Dry mouth and constipation
Rationale: Anticholinergic medications block the
parasympathetic nervous system, producing effects
remembered by the mnemonic: "Can't see, can't pee,
can't spit, can't sh*t" . This includes dry mouth, blurred
vision, urinary retention, and constipation.
