MIDTERM REVIEW PHYSIOLOGY
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026 /
2027
The brain area described as the center for emotions is the
Amygdala
An important structure in both learning and memory is the
Hippocampus
The inability to remember newly acquired information is called
Anterograde Amnesia
Which of these has a higher concentration in cerebrospinal fluid than in the
blood?
Hydrogen
Reflexive memories are stored in areas of the
Cerebellum
Altered effectiveness of synaptic transmission occurs in
Long term potentiation
Some types of antihistamines make one sleepy, others do not. This
difference is partly because of
difference in lipid solubility
Caffeine and related stimulants exert their effects by
inhibit neuromodulators
The pituitary hormone that causes milk ejection is
Oxytocin
,The hypothalamus releases ___________ which stimulates the anterior
pituitary gland to release _______ in response, this pituitary hormone in
turn causes the release of __________.
TRH, TSH, T3 and T4
PTH exerts its effect on which of the following organs?
Bone and kidneys
Thyroid Peroxidase functions to _________________________________.
convert iodide to iodine, form MIT and DIT on thyroglobulin, and couple them
to produce T3 and T4
Step 1 of Thyroid Peroxidase
Convert iodide (I⁻) into iodine (I₂)
Step 2 of Thyroid Preoxidase
Combine iodine and thyroglobulin to form MIT and DIT
Step 3 of Thyroid Preoxidase
Combine DIT and MIT to from T3 and T4 (thyroid hormones)
Function of renin
converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
Which system(s) does NOT exchange material with the internal and
external environments?
Circulatory
_________ are kept within normal range by physiological control
mechanisms which are used if the variable strays too far from its
_________
Regulated Variable, set point
Which are used to keep o at or near their setpoints?
, Negative Feedback
Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is false?
A. Carbohydrate monomers are known as polysaccharides.
B. The monosaccharides fructose, glucose, and galactose are isomers.
C. Animals store carbohydrates as glycogen.
D. Carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1C:2H:1O
ratio.
A. Carbohydrate monomers are known as polysaccharides.
Cytosine would pair with which of the following?
Guanine
Nucleotides perform which of the following function(s)?
Provide energy and signaling - part of
the genetic material
Which of the following is an example of a Nucleocide?
Uracil
Which of the following statement describes an allosteric activator?
Increases enzyime activity by binding to opposite side
Speed of chemical reactions are increased by molecules called
Enzymes
Each of the following is a function of proteins EXCEPT
Storage of genetic information
The largest carbohydrate molecules are called polysaccharides because
they are made up of
________ molecules bonded together with one another.
Monosacharids
A positively-charged ion is called a(n)
Cation
The alpha-helix and B-sheets are examples of the _____ structure of a
protein.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026 /
2027
The brain area described as the center for emotions is the
Amygdala
An important structure in both learning and memory is the
Hippocampus
The inability to remember newly acquired information is called
Anterograde Amnesia
Which of these has a higher concentration in cerebrospinal fluid than in the
blood?
Hydrogen
Reflexive memories are stored in areas of the
Cerebellum
Altered effectiveness of synaptic transmission occurs in
Long term potentiation
Some types of antihistamines make one sleepy, others do not. This
difference is partly because of
difference in lipid solubility
Caffeine and related stimulants exert their effects by
inhibit neuromodulators
The pituitary hormone that causes milk ejection is
Oxytocin
,The hypothalamus releases ___________ which stimulates the anterior
pituitary gland to release _______ in response, this pituitary hormone in
turn causes the release of __________.
TRH, TSH, T3 and T4
PTH exerts its effect on which of the following organs?
Bone and kidneys
Thyroid Peroxidase functions to _________________________________.
convert iodide to iodine, form MIT and DIT on thyroglobulin, and couple them
to produce T3 and T4
Step 1 of Thyroid Peroxidase
Convert iodide (I⁻) into iodine (I₂)
Step 2 of Thyroid Preoxidase
Combine iodine and thyroglobulin to form MIT and DIT
Step 3 of Thyroid Preoxidase
Combine DIT and MIT to from T3 and T4 (thyroid hormones)
Function of renin
converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
Which system(s) does NOT exchange material with the internal and
external environments?
Circulatory
_________ are kept within normal range by physiological control
mechanisms which are used if the variable strays too far from its
_________
Regulated Variable, set point
Which are used to keep o at or near their setpoints?
, Negative Feedback
Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is false?
A. Carbohydrate monomers are known as polysaccharides.
B. The monosaccharides fructose, glucose, and galactose are isomers.
C. Animals store carbohydrates as glycogen.
D. Carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1C:2H:1O
ratio.
A. Carbohydrate monomers are known as polysaccharides.
Cytosine would pair with which of the following?
Guanine
Nucleotides perform which of the following function(s)?
Provide energy and signaling - part of
the genetic material
Which of the following is an example of a Nucleocide?
Uracil
Which of the following statement describes an allosteric activator?
Increases enzyime activity by binding to opposite side
Speed of chemical reactions are increased by molecules called
Enzymes
Each of the following is a function of proteins EXCEPT
Storage of genetic information
The largest carbohydrate molecules are called polysaccharides because
they are made up of
________ molecules bonded together with one another.
Monosacharids
A positively-charged ion is called a(n)
Cation
The alpha-helix and B-sheets are examples of the _____ structure of a
protein.
