Anatomy And Physiology 1 Final Exam
Updated Questions And Correct Answers -
American Career College-Los Angeles
Graded A+
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Afferent Sensory Receptors. ANSWER - from interoceptors (chemo or mechano) to
CNS integration. Ex- monitor oxygen or BV stretch.
Efferent Sensory Receptors. ANSWER - from CNS out to effector organs (down
white matter motor tracts of cord). Pathway to effector organ is made up of at least 2
motor neurons with a synapse.
Sympathetic. ANSWER - Speeds up (excites) and consumes energy. "Fight or flight"
Parasympathetic. ANSWER - Slows down (inhibits) and conserves energy. "Rest and
Digest".
Autonomic Tone. ANSWER - The constant balance between the two branches
(sympathetic and para-)
Sympathetic Division. ANSWER - Trunk (vertebral chain) ganglia - serves upper
body. Prevertebral (collateral) ganglia - serves below the diaphragm.
Divergent effect. ANSWER - One sympathetic preganglionic fiber has many axon
collaterals and may synapse with 20 or more post ganglionic neurons.
, Cholinergic receptors. ANSWER - Parasympathetic, always releases ACH. Has 3
synapses.
Adrenergic. ANSWER - Sympathetic, always releases Norepinephrine. Has 1
synapse.
Nicotinic. ANSWER - Found at the preganglionic ganglia, always cholinergic. Can
only excite (depolarize) synapses
Muscarinic. ANSWER - At effector organs (postganglionic- parasympathetic). can
both excite (depolarize) and inhibit (hyperpolarize) synpases.
Alpha 1 and Beta 1. ANSWER - Excitatory receptors (cx. of muscles, increases release
of hormone). Muscles will contract and hormones will be released, excitatory in
nature.
Alpha 2 and Beta 2. ANSWER - Inhibitory receptors (relaxing of muscles, decrease
release of hormones).
Beta 1. ANSWER - Adrenergic receptor in the heart.
Beta 2. ANSWER - Adrenergic receptor in the lungs, uterus, and skeletal/ cardiac
muslce BVs.
Beta 3. ANSWER - Adrenergic receptor only active in infants for burning brown fat -
- thermogenesis.
Exocrine gland. ANSWER - gland that secretes into ducts -- onto body cavities and
outside of the body.
Endocrine gland. ANSWER - Gland that is ductless.
Updated Questions And Correct Answers -
American Career College-Los Angeles
Graded A+
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Afferent Sensory Receptors. ANSWER - from interoceptors (chemo or mechano) to
CNS integration. Ex- monitor oxygen or BV stretch.
Efferent Sensory Receptors. ANSWER - from CNS out to effector organs (down
white matter motor tracts of cord). Pathway to effector organ is made up of at least 2
motor neurons with a synapse.
Sympathetic. ANSWER - Speeds up (excites) and consumes energy. "Fight or flight"
Parasympathetic. ANSWER - Slows down (inhibits) and conserves energy. "Rest and
Digest".
Autonomic Tone. ANSWER - The constant balance between the two branches
(sympathetic and para-)
Sympathetic Division. ANSWER - Trunk (vertebral chain) ganglia - serves upper
body. Prevertebral (collateral) ganglia - serves below the diaphragm.
Divergent effect. ANSWER - One sympathetic preganglionic fiber has many axon
collaterals and may synapse with 20 or more post ganglionic neurons.
, Cholinergic receptors. ANSWER - Parasympathetic, always releases ACH. Has 3
synapses.
Adrenergic. ANSWER - Sympathetic, always releases Norepinephrine. Has 1
synapse.
Nicotinic. ANSWER - Found at the preganglionic ganglia, always cholinergic. Can
only excite (depolarize) synapses
Muscarinic. ANSWER - At effector organs (postganglionic- parasympathetic). can
both excite (depolarize) and inhibit (hyperpolarize) synpases.
Alpha 1 and Beta 1. ANSWER - Excitatory receptors (cx. of muscles, increases release
of hormone). Muscles will contract and hormones will be released, excitatory in
nature.
Alpha 2 and Beta 2. ANSWER - Inhibitory receptors (relaxing of muscles, decrease
release of hormones).
Beta 1. ANSWER - Adrenergic receptor in the heart.
Beta 2. ANSWER - Adrenergic receptor in the lungs, uterus, and skeletal/ cardiac
muslce BVs.
Beta 3. ANSWER - Adrenergic receptor only active in infants for burning brown fat -
- thermogenesis.
Exocrine gland. ANSWER - gland that secretes into ducts -- onto body cavities and
outside of the body.
Endocrine gland. ANSWER - Gland that is ductless.
