Test Bank for
Introduction to
Criminology, Theories,
Methods, and
Criminal Behavior, 9e
Frank Hagan (All
Chapters)
,Hagan, Introduction to Criminology 9e Chapter 1
1. The field that attempts to define, explain, and predict criminal behavior is known as:
a. Criminalistics
b. Applied criminology
*c. Criminology
d. Theology
2. Prohibition had the intended goal of forbidding alcohol consumption to reduce
substance abuse. This intended goal is an example of:
*a. A manifest function of the law
b. A latent function of the law
c. Mala en se
d. Undercriminalization
3. According to French sociologist Auguste Comte, the last stage of the progression of
knowledge is:
a. Theological
b. Metaphysical
*c. Scientific
d. Postmodernist
4. Most of the modern-day developments in criminology have taken place in which
country?
a. England
b. Italy
c. Spain
*d. United States
5. Behavior that is outside the range of normal societal toleration is best described as:
a. Criminal
*b. Deviant
c. Felonious
d. Mala in se
,6. As society becomes increasingly complex and heterogeneous, which of the following
is typically true of society's efforts to maintain order?
a. Society becomes increasingly reliant on informal methods of social control.
*b. Society becomes increasingly reliant on formal, codified laws.
c. Society becomes entirely reliant upon police and the criminal justice system.
d. Society becomes more reliant on religious organizations.
7. Which of the following is true of laws?
a. Laws are the most efficient means of social control.
b. Laws define which behaviors classify as "deviant" in a given society.
c. Laws can be enforced by either political or moral authorities.
*d. Laws become more common when informal methods of social control are
weakened.
8. Which of the following is an example of a person violating a folkway?
*a. Johnny was eating dinner at a friend's house and openly expressed distaste for
the meal being served.
b. Jenny hadn't studied for her calculus exam, so she copied answers from the
student sitting next to her.
c. Jessica was bored on a Friday night, so she stole a car to go joyriding.
d. Joe killed a bartender in a botched robbery attempt.
9. Prohibition had the unintended effect of increasing corruption, disobedience, and
public disrespect for the law. This unintended effect is an example of:
a. A manifest function of law
*b. A latent function of law
c. Mala in Se
d. Mens Rea
10. Gemeinschaft refers to:
*a. A communal society that predominantly relies on informal methods of social
control
b. A heterogeneous society in which codified laws are necessary to maintain
control
, c. A view that holds that law is a means of preserving the status quo on behalf of
the powerful
d. A person who has a strong knowledge of law and criminal justice procedures
11. The argument that drug laws are a tool for the wealthy to control the dangerous
classes is consistent with the:
*a. Conflict view of crime
b. Purist legal view of crime
c. Consensus view of crime
d. Metaphysical view of crime
12. Overall crime rates:
a. Remain stable across societies and through time
b. Tend to be stable across societies, but fluctuate over time
c. Vary across societies, but within a particular society tend to be stable over time
*d. Vary by social and historical context
13. The residents of country X have diverse viewpoints regarding which behaviors are
considered moral. People in this society tend to be individualistic, which may be a
product of the economic structure, which is characterized by extensive division of labor.
Country X would be considered a:
a. Gemeinschaft society
*b. Gesellschaft society
c. Theocratic society
d. Communal society
14. Famed sociologist Émile Durkheim argued that crime is normal. By this, he meant
that:
a. Criminals should be viewed no differently than non-criminals within society.
b. Criminal labels are arbitrary and serve no function in society; thus, criminal
law should be abolished.
*c. Crime is a predictable product of, and in some ways a useful element of, the
structure of society.
d. Crime is so pervasive in society that it becomes normalized.
15. The use of philosophy, rationality, and logical argument to explain crime is most
reflective of which stage of the progression of knowledge?
Introduction to
Criminology, Theories,
Methods, and
Criminal Behavior, 9e
Frank Hagan (All
Chapters)
,Hagan, Introduction to Criminology 9e Chapter 1
1. The field that attempts to define, explain, and predict criminal behavior is known as:
a. Criminalistics
b. Applied criminology
*c. Criminology
d. Theology
2. Prohibition had the intended goal of forbidding alcohol consumption to reduce
substance abuse. This intended goal is an example of:
*a. A manifest function of the law
b. A latent function of the law
c. Mala en se
d. Undercriminalization
3. According to French sociologist Auguste Comte, the last stage of the progression of
knowledge is:
a. Theological
b. Metaphysical
*c. Scientific
d. Postmodernist
4. Most of the modern-day developments in criminology have taken place in which
country?
a. England
b. Italy
c. Spain
*d. United States
5. Behavior that is outside the range of normal societal toleration is best described as:
a. Criminal
*b. Deviant
c. Felonious
d. Mala in se
,6. As society becomes increasingly complex and heterogeneous, which of the following
is typically true of society's efforts to maintain order?
a. Society becomes increasingly reliant on informal methods of social control.
*b. Society becomes increasingly reliant on formal, codified laws.
c. Society becomes entirely reliant upon police and the criminal justice system.
d. Society becomes more reliant on religious organizations.
7. Which of the following is true of laws?
a. Laws are the most efficient means of social control.
b. Laws define which behaviors classify as "deviant" in a given society.
c. Laws can be enforced by either political or moral authorities.
*d. Laws become more common when informal methods of social control are
weakened.
8. Which of the following is an example of a person violating a folkway?
*a. Johnny was eating dinner at a friend's house and openly expressed distaste for
the meal being served.
b. Jenny hadn't studied for her calculus exam, so she copied answers from the
student sitting next to her.
c. Jessica was bored on a Friday night, so she stole a car to go joyriding.
d. Joe killed a bartender in a botched robbery attempt.
9. Prohibition had the unintended effect of increasing corruption, disobedience, and
public disrespect for the law. This unintended effect is an example of:
a. A manifest function of law
*b. A latent function of law
c. Mala in Se
d. Mens Rea
10. Gemeinschaft refers to:
*a. A communal society that predominantly relies on informal methods of social
control
b. A heterogeneous society in which codified laws are necessary to maintain
control
, c. A view that holds that law is a means of preserving the status quo on behalf of
the powerful
d. A person who has a strong knowledge of law and criminal justice procedures
11. The argument that drug laws are a tool for the wealthy to control the dangerous
classes is consistent with the:
*a. Conflict view of crime
b. Purist legal view of crime
c. Consensus view of crime
d. Metaphysical view of crime
12. Overall crime rates:
a. Remain stable across societies and through time
b. Tend to be stable across societies, but fluctuate over time
c. Vary across societies, but within a particular society tend to be stable over time
*d. Vary by social and historical context
13. The residents of country X have diverse viewpoints regarding which behaviors are
considered moral. People in this society tend to be individualistic, which may be a
product of the economic structure, which is characterized by extensive division of labor.
Country X would be considered a:
a. Gemeinschaft society
*b. Gesellschaft society
c. Theocratic society
d. Communal society
14. Famed sociologist Émile Durkheim argued that crime is normal. By this, he meant
that:
a. Criminals should be viewed no differently than non-criminals within society.
b. Criminal labels are arbitrary and serve no function in society; thus, criminal
law should be abolished.
*c. Crime is a predictable product of, and in some ways a useful element of, the
structure of society.
d. Crime is so pervasive in society that it becomes normalized.
15. The use of philosophy, rationality, and logical argument to explain crime is most
reflective of which stage of the progression of knowledge?
