Nightingale College Pathophysiology Midterm
Questions and Guide Answers
100% Verified Graded A+
1. Pathophysiology
Answer: The study of the underlying changes in body physiology (molecular, cellular, and organ systems)
that result from disease or injury.
2. Pathology
Answer: The investigation of structural alterations in cells, tissues, and organs, which can help identify the cause
of a particular disease.
3. Diagnosis
Answer: The naming or identification of a disease - is made from an evaluation of the evidence accumulated from
the presenting signs and symptoms, health and medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and
imaging.
4. Etiology
Answer: The study of the CAUSE of disease
,5. Epidemiology
Answer: The study of tracking patterns or disease occurrence and transmission among populations and by
geographic areas
6. Nucleus
Answer: Controls and regulates the activities of the cell (e.g., growth and metabolism) and carries the genes,
structures that contain the hereditary information
7. Cytoplasm
Answer: An aqueous solution. The medium for chemical reaction. It provides a platform upon which other
organelles can operate within the cell. All of the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out in
the cytoplasm of a cell.
8. Ribosomes
Answer: Provide sites for cellular protein synthesis.
9. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Answer: Specializes in synthesis, folding, and transport of protein and lipid compo- nents of most
organelles. A new role is sensing cellular stress.
10. Golgi apparatus
Answer: Responsible for processing and packaging proteins onto secretory vesicles that break away from
the complex and migrate to various intracellular and extracellular destinations, including plasma mem- brane.
, 11. Lysosomes
Answer: Contain enzymes for digesting most cellular substances to their basic form, such as amino acids,
fatty acids, and carbohydrates (sugars).
12. Peroxisomes
Answer: Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful
chemicals
13. Mitochondria
Answer: Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
14. Cytoskeleton
Answer: Network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved
in many forms of cell movement
15. Plasma Membrane
Answer: The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, thereby regulating the
cell's chemical composition.
16. Signaling processes
Answer: 1. They display plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules (receptors) that attect the cell
itself and other cells in direct physical contact
Questions and Guide Answers
100% Verified Graded A+
1. Pathophysiology
Answer: The study of the underlying changes in body physiology (molecular, cellular, and organ systems)
that result from disease or injury.
2. Pathology
Answer: The investigation of structural alterations in cells, tissues, and organs, which can help identify the cause
of a particular disease.
3. Diagnosis
Answer: The naming or identification of a disease - is made from an evaluation of the evidence accumulated from
the presenting signs and symptoms, health and medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and
imaging.
4. Etiology
Answer: The study of the CAUSE of disease
,5. Epidemiology
Answer: The study of tracking patterns or disease occurrence and transmission among populations and by
geographic areas
6. Nucleus
Answer: Controls and regulates the activities of the cell (e.g., growth and metabolism) and carries the genes,
structures that contain the hereditary information
7. Cytoplasm
Answer: An aqueous solution. The medium for chemical reaction. It provides a platform upon which other
organelles can operate within the cell. All of the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out in
the cytoplasm of a cell.
8. Ribosomes
Answer: Provide sites for cellular protein synthesis.
9. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Answer: Specializes in synthesis, folding, and transport of protein and lipid compo- nents of most
organelles. A new role is sensing cellular stress.
10. Golgi apparatus
Answer: Responsible for processing and packaging proteins onto secretory vesicles that break away from
the complex and migrate to various intracellular and extracellular destinations, including plasma mem- brane.
, 11. Lysosomes
Answer: Contain enzymes for digesting most cellular substances to their basic form, such as amino acids,
fatty acids, and carbohydrates (sugars).
12. Peroxisomes
Answer: Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful
chemicals
13. Mitochondria
Answer: Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
14. Cytoskeleton
Answer: Network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved
in many forms of cell movement
15. Plasma Membrane
Answer: The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, thereby regulating the
cell's chemical composition.
16. Signaling processes
Answer: 1. They display plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules (receptors) that attect the cell
itself and other cells in direct physical contact
