ASCP PRACTICE TEST Chemistry, LabCE Clinical Chemistry, Endocrinology & Fluid Electrolyte Balance questions wit correct answers and explanations

ASCP PRACTICE TEST Chemistry,
LabCE Clinical Chemistry,
Endocrinology & Fluid/Electrolyte
Balance questions wit correct answers
and explanations


MLS/MLT ASCP BOARD EXAM HIGH-YIELD REVISION NOTES (Part 4)

Clinical Chemistry, Endocrinology & Fluid/Electrolyte Balance



Bilirubin

CORRECT ANSWER:
Yellow pigment left over after older red blood cells are removed.

Key Facts

• Produced from hemoglobin breakdown.

• Processed by the liver.

• Excreted in bile.

Increased Bilirubin Causes

• Hemolytic anemia

• Liver disease

• Bile duct obstruction

Clinical Significance

Excess bilirubin → Jaundice



Urobilinogen

, CORRECT ANSWER:
Colorless by-product of bilirubin reduction

Formed In

• Intestines by bacterial action on bilirubin.

Increased Urinary Urobilinogen

Hemolysis of red blood cells

Decreased/Absent Urobilinogen

• Biliary obstruction



Myoglobin

CORRECT ANSWER:
Oxygen storage protein found in heart and skeletal muscle

Clinical Significance

Increased in:

• Muscle injury

• Rhabdomyolysis

• Myocardial infarction



Fat-Soluble Vitamins

CORRECT ANSWER:
A, D, E, K

Memory Aid

"ADEK"

Vitamin Function

A Vision

D Calcium absorption

, Vitamin Function

E Antioxidant

K Blood clotting

Note:
Vitamin F is not generally classified as a vitamin in modern medicine.



Normal Serum Phosphorus

CORRECT ANSWER:
3.4 – 4.5 mg/dL
(1.12 – 1.45 mmol/L)



Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)

Used to detect:

• Liver disease

• Bone disorders

Elevated ALP Seen In

• Biliary obstruction

• Paget disease

• Osteomalacia

• Bone metastasis

• Healing fractures



Amylase Test

Purpose:
Detect pancreatic disorders.

Increased In