BIO 315 SBU (MICROBIOLOGY) EXAM 1 QUESTIONS
WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS
microbiology - ANSWER study of microbes- forms of life too small to be seen
with the naked eye (bacteria, algae, fungi, protists)
RNA polymerase - ANSWER produces RNA molecules from DNA template
glycogen phosphorylase - ANSWER makes glycogen into glucose monomers
Flagellin - ANSWER monomers polymerize to for flagellum aid in bacterial
mobility
polysaccharides & polypeptides - ANSWER embedded in lipid bilayer
-forms cells plasma membrane
Early Earth - ANSWER -little to no oxygen
-soup of chemicals in liquid form
-dating back 3.5 billion years
-formed RNA and Micelle
-RNA used to store genetic code in primitive cells
Microbes - ANSWER too small to be seen with naked eye
-fast, cheap, easy to grow
-small # of genes
-produce enzymes for medical use
-gentic manipulation is easier in single celled bacteria then in multicellular
eukarya
Microbial genetics - ANSWER iron-containing surfaces helped form envt. by
sticking molecules to their surfaces
RNA - ANSWER first enzyme; also used as catalyst (EX: Ribosomes- combination
of ribonucleic acid + enzymes)
2 purposes of RNA - ANSWER - genetic information storage
- catalysing reactions
Micelle - ANSWER single lipid layer
-early form of Plasma membrane
,symbiotic relationship - ANSWER when one organism lives inside another
organism
DNA and RNA - ANSWER DNA is more stable
We use this to study genetics: - ANSWER 1. Study effects of single mutations in
DNA individually
2. Study and compare genome across domains (bioinformatics)
Altering genomes of microbes can mass produce molecules humans want and
need
EX: insulin is made by inserting into E-Coli cells
When and how did Eukaryotes appear - ANSWER -Endosymbiotic theory:
primitive prokaryote microbes ingested other microbes starting a symbiotic
relationship
Ex: ingested microbes that could use oxygen for the respiratory process to
produce chemical energy became -mitochondria
EX: ingested microbes that could fix CO2 into molecules using light energy-
chloroplast
Bacteria and humans - ANSWER use double-stranded DNA
-2nd strand of DNA can be used as backup
-DNA is more stable than RNA
- DNA is transcribed into "working copy" via mRNA it's then translated into
proteins needed by the cell
Microbes ARE - ANSWER -diverse groups in nature
- many different members
-form microbe communities & Ecosystems
NOT! individual cells or populations
Microbes live in - ANSWER intestines, plaque on teeth, slime on rocks, mold in
bathrooms
Louis Pasteur - ANSWER Late 1800's
-disproved spontaneous generation theory
- when the broth came in contact with bacteria it grew bacteria they didn't just
appear through air
- life cant come from nonliving things
-Air doesn't give birth to microorganisms
Robert Koch - ANSWER found Bacillus anthracis & Mycobacterium cause
anthrax and tuberculosis
- helped avoid costly loss of animals
- a specific organism can cause a specific disease (Koch's postulates)
, EX: Black plague- spread by fleas and live (not mice)
Spontaneous generation Theory - ANSWER old belief; microbes spontaneously
form life from non-living matter
Yerinsia Pestis - ANSWER bacteria
Joseph Lister - ANSWER Reduce of death due to disease:
-produce of antiseptics
-sanitation improvement s
-food/water safety (pasteurization)
-improvement of personal hygiene
-vaccination
-treatment of infection with antibiotics
Leeuwenhoek - ANSWER Father of microbiology
Joseph lister - ANSWER practice infection control
Curl Woese - ANSWER 3 domain classes of organisms
alexander flemming - ANSWER discovers penicillin
Kary Mullis - ANSWER events PCR
Craig Venter - ANSWER Publishes first complete bacterial genome sequence
Salk & Sabin - ANSWER poliovirus vaccine
Lynn Margulis - ANSWER proposes endosymbiotic theory
Anton Von - ANSWER uses microscope to see organisms
Bacteria morphology and taxonomy - ANSWER size of bacteria can vary greatly
-smaller then eukaryal cells
-larger than viruses
0.5 - 5.0 um
shapes of bacterial cells - ANSWER spherical (coccus/cocci)
rod shaped (bacillus/bacilli)
curved rod (vibrio/ vibros)
spiral (spirillum) EX: Lymes disease (borellia)
Pleiomorphic (varied shape/ no specfic shaped) EX: E-coli (coccus-bacillus)
Bacteria Cells - ANSWER is always a single-celled organism but it look
multicellular
WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS
microbiology - ANSWER study of microbes- forms of life too small to be seen
with the naked eye (bacteria, algae, fungi, protists)
RNA polymerase - ANSWER produces RNA molecules from DNA template
glycogen phosphorylase - ANSWER makes glycogen into glucose monomers
Flagellin - ANSWER monomers polymerize to for flagellum aid in bacterial
mobility
polysaccharides & polypeptides - ANSWER embedded in lipid bilayer
-forms cells plasma membrane
Early Earth - ANSWER -little to no oxygen
-soup of chemicals in liquid form
-dating back 3.5 billion years
-formed RNA and Micelle
-RNA used to store genetic code in primitive cells
Microbes - ANSWER too small to be seen with naked eye
-fast, cheap, easy to grow
-small # of genes
-produce enzymes for medical use
-gentic manipulation is easier in single celled bacteria then in multicellular
eukarya
Microbial genetics - ANSWER iron-containing surfaces helped form envt. by
sticking molecules to their surfaces
RNA - ANSWER first enzyme; also used as catalyst (EX: Ribosomes- combination
of ribonucleic acid + enzymes)
2 purposes of RNA - ANSWER - genetic information storage
- catalysing reactions
Micelle - ANSWER single lipid layer
-early form of Plasma membrane
,symbiotic relationship - ANSWER when one organism lives inside another
organism
DNA and RNA - ANSWER DNA is more stable
We use this to study genetics: - ANSWER 1. Study effects of single mutations in
DNA individually
2. Study and compare genome across domains (bioinformatics)
Altering genomes of microbes can mass produce molecules humans want and
need
EX: insulin is made by inserting into E-Coli cells
When and how did Eukaryotes appear - ANSWER -Endosymbiotic theory:
primitive prokaryote microbes ingested other microbes starting a symbiotic
relationship
Ex: ingested microbes that could use oxygen for the respiratory process to
produce chemical energy became -mitochondria
EX: ingested microbes that could fix CO2 into molecules using light energy-
chloroplast
Bacteria and humans - ANSWER use double-stranded DNA
-2nd strand of DNA can be used as backup
-DNA is more stable than RNA
- DNA is transcribed into "working copy" via mRNA it's then translated into
proteins needed by the cell
Microbes ARE - ANSWER -diverse groups in nature
- many different members
-form microbe communities & Ecosystems
NOT! individual cells or populations
Microbes live in - ANSWER intestines, plaque on teeth, slime on rocks, mold in
bathrooms
Louis Pasteur - ANSWER Late 1800's
-disproved spontaneous generation theory
- when the broth came in contact with bacteria it grew bacteria they didn't just
appear through air
- life cant come from nonliving things
-Air doesn't give birth to microorganisms
Robert Koch - ANSWER found Bacillus anthracis & Mycobacterium cause
anthrax and tuberculosis
- helped avoid costly loss of animals
- a specific organism can cause a specific disease (Koch's postulates)
, EX: Black plague- spread by fleas and live (not mice)
Spontaneous generation Theory - ANSWER old belief; microbes spontaneously
form life from non-living matter
Yerinsia Pestis - ANSWER bacteria
Joseph Lister - ANSWER Reduce of death due to disease:
-produce of antiseptics
-sanitation improvement s
-food/water safety (pasteurization)
-improvement of personal hygiene
-vaccination
-treatment of infection with antibiotics
Leeuwenhoek - ANSWER Father of microbiology
Joseph lister - ANSWER practice infection control
Curl Woese - ANSWER 3 domain classes of organisms
alexander flemming - ANSWER discovers penicillin
Kary Mullis - ANSWER events PCR
Craig Venter - ANSWER Publishes first complete bacterial genome sequence
Salk & Sabin - ANSWER poliovirus vaccine
Lynn Margulis - ANSWER proposes endosymbiotic theory
Anton Von - ANSWER uses microscope to see organisms
Bacteria morphology and taxonomy - ANSWER size of bacteria can vary greatly
-smaller then eukaryal cells
-larger than viruses
0.5 - 5.0 um
shapes of bacterial cells - ANSWER spherical (coccus/cocci)
rod shaped (bacillus/bacilli)
curved rod (vibrio/ vibros)
spiral (spirillum) EX: Lymes disease (borellia)
Pleiomorphic (varied shape/ no specfic shaped) EX: E-coli (coccus-bacillus)
Bacteria Cells - ANSWER is always a single-celled organism but it look
multicellular
