NCE NATIONAL COUNSELING EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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Psychoanalytic Theory Theorists
Correct Answer:
Sigmund Freud
Adlerian Theory Theorists
Correct Answer:
Alfred Adler, Rudolf Dreikers
Existential Theory Theorists
Correct Answer:
Viktor Frankl, Rollo May, Irvin Yalom
Person-Centered Theorists
Correct Answer:
Carl Rogers
Gestalt Theory Theorists
Correct Answer:
Fritz and Laura Perls, Miriam and Erving Polster
Behavior Theory Theorists
,Correct Answer:
B.F. Skinner, Arnold Lazarus, Albert Bandura
Cognitive Behavioral Theorists
Correct Answer:
A.T. Beck, Judith Beck, Donald Meichenbaum
Rational Emotive Therapy Theorists
Correct Answer:
Albert Ellis
Reality Therapy Theorists
Correct Answer:
William Glasser, Robert Wubbolding
Feminist Therapy Theorists
Correct Answer:
Jean Baker Miller, Carolyn Zerbe Enns, Olivia Espin, Laura Brown
Solution Focused Brief Therapy Theorists
Correct Answer:
Steve de Shazer, Insoo Kim Berg
Narrative Therapy Theorists
Correct Answer:
Michael White, David Epston
Family Systems Therapy Theorists
Correct Answer:
Alfred Adler, Murray Bowen, Virginia Satir, Carl Whitaker, Salvador Minuchin,
Jay Haley, Cloe Madanes
Psychoanalytic Therapy Description
Correct Answer:
,A theory of personality development, a philosophy of human nature, and a
method of psychotherapy that focuses on unconscious factors that motivate
behavior. Attention is given to the first 6 years of life as determinants of later
development of personality. Uses analysis of word association, dream and
fantasy interpretation.
Adlerian Therapy Description
Correct Answer:
The 4 Stages of Adlerian Therapy
He believed that it was imperative to become intimately familiar with a person's
social context by exploring factors such as birth order, lifestyle, and parental
education. Adler believed that each person strives to belong and feel significant.
An Adlerian therapist assists individuals in comprehending the thoughts, drives,
and emotions that influence their lifestyles. People in therapy are also
encouraged to acquire a more positive and productive way of life by developing
new insights, skills, and behaviors. These goals are achieved through the four
stages of Adlerian therapy:
1. Engagement: A trusting therapeutic relationship is built between the therapist
and the person in therapy and they agree to work together to effectively address
the problem.
2. Assessment: The therapist invites the individual to speak about his or her
personal history, family history, early recollections, beliefs, feelings, and
motives. This helps to reveal the person's overall lifestyle pattern, including
factors that might initially be thought of as insignificant or irrelevant by the
person in therapy.
3. Insight: The person in therapy is helped to develop new ways of thinking about
his or her situation.
4. Reorientation: The therapist encourages the individual to engage in satisfying
and effective actions that reinforce this new insight, or which facilitate further
insight.
Existential Therapy Description
Correct Answer:
This model stresses building therapy on the basic conditions of human
existence, such as choice, the freedom and responsibility to shape one's life,
and self-determination. It focuses on the quality of the person-to-person
therapeutic relationship.
Person-Centered Therapy Description
, Correct Answer:
This approach was developed in the 1940s as a nondirective reaction against
psychoanalysis. Based on a subjective view of human experiencing, it places
faith in and gives responsibility to the client in dealing with problems and
concerns. Is non-directive and often uses reflection from the therapist to assist
the person in increasing awareness and promoting self-actualization.
Gestalt Therapy
Correct Answer:
An experiential therapy stressing awareness and integration; it grew in reaction
against analytic therapy. It integrates the functioning of the body and mind.
Behavior Therapy Description
Correct Answer:
This approach applies the principles of learning (classical and operant
conditioning) to the resolution of specific behavioral problems. Results are
subject to continual experimentation. The methods of this approach are always
in the process of refinement.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy Description
Correct Answer:
This approach gives a primary role to thinking as it influences behavior. Focuses
on teaching a person how to identify their thinking errors and replace them with
positive thinking.
Belief that people have automatic thoughts which are spontaneous negative
cognitive distortions that influence behavior
Three categories of cognitive distortions: negative thoughts about 1) self, 2)
world, 3) future
Negative thoughts can be identified, evaluated, and replaced then that would
change behavior
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Description
Correct Answer:
2026/2027 NEWEST UPDATED VERSION| FREQUENTLY
MOST TESTED QUESTIONS AND EXPERT GUARANTEE
PASS , GRADED A+ , 100% ACCURATE | HIGH YIELD
QUESTIONS , NEWEST EXAM AND BRAND NEW VERSION
!!!
Psychoanalytic Theory Theorists
Correct Answer:
Sigmund Freud
Adlerian Theory Theorists
Correct Answer:
Alfred Adler, Rudolf Dreikers
Existential Theory Theorists
Correct Answer:
Viktor Frankl, Rollo May, Irvin Yalom
Person-Centered Theorists
Correct Answer:
Carl Rogers
Gestalt Theory Theorists
Correct Answer:
Fritz and Laura Perls, Miriam and Erving Polster
Behavior Theory Theorists
,Correct Answer:
B.F. Skinner, Arnold Lazarus, Albert Bandura
Cognitive Behavioral Theorists
Correct Answer:
A.T. Beck, Judith Beck, Donald Meichenbaum
Rational Emotive Therapy Theorists
Correct Answer:
Albert Ellis
Reality Therapy Theorists
Correct Answer:
William Glasser, Robert Wubbolding
Feminist Therapy Theorists
Correct Answer:
Jean Baker Miller, Carolyn Zerbe Enns, Olivia Espin, Laura Brown
Solution Focused Brief Therapy Theorists
Correct Answer:
Steve de Shazer, Insoo Kim Berg
Narrative Therapy Theorists
Correct Answer:
Michael White, David Epston
Family Systems Therapy Theorists
Correct Answer:
Alfred Adler, Murray Bowen, Virginia Satir, Carl Whitaker, Salvador Minuchin,
Jay Haley, Cloe Madanes
Psychoanalytic Therapy Description
Correct Answer:
,A theory of personality development, a philosophy of human nature, and a
method of psychotherapy that focuses on unconscious factors that motivate
behavior. Attention is given to the first 6 years of life as determinants of later
development of personality. Uses analysis of word association, dream and
fantasy interpretation.
Adlerian Therapy Description
Correct Answer:
The 4 Stages of Adlerian Therapy
He believed that it was imperative to become intimately familiar with a person's
social context by exploring factors such as birth order, lifestyle, and parental
education. Adler believed that each person strives to belong and feel significant.
An Adlerian therapist assists individuals in comprehending the thoughts, drives,
and emotions that influence their lifestyles. People in therapy are also
encouraged to acquire a more positive and productive way of life by developing
new insights, skills, and behaviors. These goals are achieved through the four
stages of Adlerian therapy:
1. Engagement: A trusting therapeutic relationship is built between the therapist
and the person in therapy and they agree to work together to effectively address
the problem.
2. Assessment: The therapist invites the individual to speak about his or her
personal history, family history, early recollections, beliefs, feelings, and
motives. This helps to reveal the person's overall lifestyle pattern, including
factors that might initially be thought of as insignificant or irrelevant by the
person in therapy.
3. Insight: The person in therapy is helped to develop new ways of thinking about
his or her situation.
4. Reorientation: The therapist encourages the individual to engage in satisfying
and effective actions that reinforce this new insight, or which facilitate further
insight.
Existential Therapy Description
Correct Answer:
This model stresses building therapy on the basic conditions of human
existence, such as choice, the freedom and responsibility to shape one's life,
and self-determination. It focuses on the quality of the person-to-person
therapeutic relationship.
Person-Centered Therapy Description
, Correct Answer:
This approach was developed in the 1940s as a nondirective reaction against
psychoanalysis. Based on a subjective view of human experiencing, it places
faith in and gives responsibility to the client in dealing with problems and
concerns. Is non-directive and often uses reflection from the therapist to assist
the person in increasing awareness and promoting self-actualization.
Gestalt Therapy
Correct Answer:
An experiential therapy stressing awareness and integration; it grew in reaction
against analytic therapy. It integrates the functioning of the body and mind.
Behavior Therapy Description
Correct Answer:
This approach applies the principles of learning (classical and operant
conditioning) to the resolution of specific behavioral problems. Results are
subject to continual experimentation. The methods of this approach are always
in the process of refinement.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy Description
Correct Answer:
This approach gives a primary role to thinking as it influences behavior. Focuses
on teaching a person how to identify their thinking errors and replace them with
positive thinking.
Belief that people have automatic thoughts which are spontaneous negative
cognitive distortions that influence behavior
Three categories of cognitive distortions: negative thoughts about 1) self, 2)
world, 3) future
Negative thoughts can be identified, evaluated, and replaced then that would
change behavior
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Description
Correct Answer:
