HESI A2 Anatomy & Physiology V1/V2 2026 Exam Questions and Answers (120+ Verified Q&A) | Cardiovascular, Endocrine, Nervous, Musculoskeletal, Respiratory & Reproductive Systems

This comprehensive HESI A2 Anatomy & Physiology V1/V2 2026 study guide contains more than 120 verified exam questions and answers covering the core anatomy and physiology concepts most frequently tested on the HESI Admission Assessment (A2) examination. The resource is specifically designed to help nursing school applicants, allied health students, and healthcare program candidates master the structure and function of the human body while strengthening scientific reasoning, critical thinking, and examination readiness. The question-and-answer format promotes active recall and efficient review of high-yield concepts commonly encountered on nursing entrance examinations. The material provides extensive coverage of the musculoskeletal system, including bone physiology, skeletal landmarks, ossification, cartilage, connective tissues, ligaments, joints, muscle groups, body planes, anatomical positioning, and movement terminology. Students will review clinically significant structures such as the hyoid bone, calcaneus, tibialis anterior, quadriceps femoris group, sternum anatomy, fontanelles, friction ridges, and the physiological roles of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone remodeling and calcium regulation. These concepts form a critical foundation for anatomy, physiology, nursing, and healthcare science coursework. Comprehensive cardiovascular and respiratory system content examines hemoglobin function, pulmonary circulation, cardiac anatomy, blood vessels, heart valves, blood clotting mechanisms, respiratory physiology, oxygen transport, acid-base balance, gas exchange, respiratory control centers, chemoreceptor responses, and autonomic nervous system regulation. Students will also review pulmonary structures, upper respiratory anatomy, pulmonary veins, alveoli, bronchioles, carbon dioxide regulation, aerobic and anaerobic respiration, and the physiological effects of oxygen and cellular metabolism. The guide further explores endocrine, reproductive, urinary, digestive, nervous, immune, integumentary, and sensory systems. Topics include pituitary gland function, thyroid and parathyroid physiology, adrenal hormones, ADH, oxytocin, estrogen, progesterone, reproductive anatomy, nephron physiology, urinary elimination, digestive processes, nutrient absorption, neurotransmitters, serotonin function, brain anatomy, sensory organs, hearing and vision pathways, immune cell development, B-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte maturation, and skin physiology. Additional concepts include osmosis, diffusion, active transport, passive transport, endocytosis, exocytosis, mitosis, meiosis, and cellular organization. Special emphasis is placed on anatomy and physiology principles directly applicable to nursing education, healthcare entrance examinations, anatomy coursework, physiology assessments, and clinical science preparation. By reviewing these questions and explanations, students can reinforce foundational knowledge, improve comprehension of body systems, and increase confidence before taking the HESI A2 examination. This resource serves as an effective study tool for students seeking admission into competitive nursing and healthcare programs. Relevant For: HESI A2 Candidates Pre-Nursing Students BSN Program Applicants ADN Program Applicants LPN/LVN Program Applicants Allied Health Students Health Sciences Students Pre-Medical Students Medical Assisting Students Respiratory Therapy Students Paramedic Students Healthcare Program Applicants Anatomy and Physiology Students Healthcare Entrance Examination Candidates Academic References: Elsevier HESI Admission Assessment Exam Review. Marieb EN, Hoehn K. Human Anatomy & Physiology. Pearson Education. Tortora GJ, Derrickson B. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. Wiley. Patton KT, Thibodeau GA. Anatomy & Physiology. Elsevier. Seeley's Anatomy & Physiology. McGraw-Hill Education. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. Elsevier. Journal of Anatomy. Clinical Anatomy. American Journal of Physiology. National League for Nursing (NLN). Keywords: HESI A2 anatomy and physiology, HESI A2 A&P V1 V2, HESI anatomy exam questions, HESI physiology exam answers, anatomy and physiology study guide, nursing entrance exam preparation, musculoskeletal system, skeletal system, muscular system, cardiovascular system, circulatory system, respiratory system, endocrine system, nervous system, reproductive system, urinary system, digestive system, immune system, integumentary system, hemoglobin function, pulmonary circulation, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal hormones, oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone, serotonin, nephron physiology, osmosis, diffusion, active transport, passive transport, mitosis, meiosis, cellular transport, bone physiology, joint anatomy, anatomy review, physiology review, allied health admissions, healthcare science preparation, HESI A2 preparation, nursing school admission test