BIO 106 Pathophysiology 2026
Expert Verifed Ace the Text
Apoptosis - ANSWER ✔✔Programmed death of individual cells in
response to events such as embryo development or irreparable DNA
damage
p53 - ANSWER ✔✔A tumor suppressor protein that senses
irreparable DNA damage and signals to the cell to undergo apoptosis
Abscess - ANSWER ✔✔A structure filled with a yellow-white mixture
of dead human and bacterial cells and dead human tissue made during
an inflammatory immune response
,A type of liquefactive necrosis
Necrosis - ANSWER ✔✔The premature death of many cells caused
by a traumatic event
Leads to an inflammatory immune response
Coagulation Necrosis - ANSWER ✔✔A type of necrosis caused by
oxygen deprivation in which the dead cells retain their shape
Tissue looks like a gel
Hydropic Degeneration - ANSWER ✔✔Cell swelling due to excessive
water influx following an injury
Can be caused by a lack of ATP, which prevents a sodium-potassium
pump from working and moves sodium (and water) into the cell
Hyperplasia - ANSWER ✔✔An increase in cell number, caused by a
growth stimulus like a hormone, that can also result in tissue or organ
enlargement
,Liquefaction Necrosis - ANSWER ✔✔A type of necrosis which can be
caused by an inflammatory immune response in which the dead cells do
not retain their shape
Tissue looks like a liquid
Rhabdomyolysis - ANSWER ✔✔A condition in which injured skeletal
muscles release large amounts of myoglobin, which is toxic to the
kidneys and can lead to kidney failure and death
Endotoxins - ANSWER ✔✔Bacterial toxins that are released from the
bacterial cell wall upon their death, possibly causing increased illness
following the administration of antibiotics to an infected individual
Water-Soluble Vitamins - ANSWER ✔✔Vitamins that, when in
excess, easily leave the body through the urine and rarely cause cellular
injury
Ex.: vitamin B, vitamin C
Caseous Necrosis - ANSWER ✔✔A type of necrosis caused by
prolonged trauma to the tissue
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Tissue looks like cottage cheese
Lysosomal Storage Disorders - ANSWER ✔✔Genetic disorders
caused by the improper accumulation of molecules in a lysosome due to
lysosomal dysfunction
Ex.: Mannosidosis, Tay-Sachs disease
Hypertrophy - ANSWER ✔✔An increase in cell size (not cell number),
caused by an increase in the number of cell organelles, that can also
result in tissue or organ enlargement
Occurs during weightlifting
Lipofuscin - ANSWER ✔✔A fat-based pigment that sometimes
remains following the breakdown of cellular membranes by the lysosome
Accumulation can cause dysfunction of tissues and organs, especially in
the CNS and eyes
Expert Verifed Ace the Text
Apoptosis - ANSWER ✔✔Programmed death of individual cells in
response to events such as embryo development or irreparable DNA
damage
p53 - ANSWER ✔✔A tumor suppressor protein that senses
irreparable DNA damage and signals to the cell to undergo apoptosis
Abscess - ANSWER ✔✔A structure filled with a yellow-white mixture
of dead human and bacterial cells and dead human tissue made during
an inflammatory immune response
,A type of liquefactive necrosis
Necrosis - ANSWER ✔✔The premature death of many cells caused
by a traumatic event
Leads to an inflammatory immune response
Coagulation Necrosis - ANSWER ✔✔A type of necrosis caused by
oxygen deprivation in which the dead cells retain their shape
Tissue looks like a gel
Hydropic Degeneration - ANSWER ✔✔Cell swelling due to excessive
water influx following an injury
Can be caused by a lack of ATP, which prevents a sodium-potassium
pump from working and moves sodium (and water) into the cell
Hyperplasia - ANSWER ✔✔An increase in cell number, caused by a
growth stimulus like a hormone, that can also result in tissue or organ
enlargement
,Liquefaction Necrosis - ANSWER ✔✔A type of necrosis which can be
caused by an inflammatory immune response in which the dead cells do
not retain their shape
Tissue looks like a liquid
Rhabdomyolysis - ANSWER ✔✔A condition in which injured skeletal
muscles release large amounts of myoglobin, which is toxic to the
kidneys and can lead to kidney failure and death
Endotoxins - ANSWER ✔✔Bacterial toxins that are released from the
bacterial cell wall upon their death, possibly causing increased illness
following the administration of antibiotics to an infected individual
Water-Soluble Vitamins - ANSWER ✔✔Vitamins that, when in
excess, easily leave the body through the urine and rarely cause cellular
injury
Ex.: vitamin B, vitamin C
Caseous Necrosis - ANSWER ✔✔A type of necrosis caused by
prolonged trauma to the tissue
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Tissue looks like cottage cheese
Lysosomal Storage Disorders - ANSWER ✔✔Genetic disorders
caused by the improper accumulation of molecules in a lysosome due to
lysosomal dysfunction
Ex.: Mannosidosis, Tay-Sachs disease
Hypertrophy - ANSWER ✔✔An increase in cell size (not cell number),
caused by an increase in the number of cell organelles, that can also
result in tissue or organ enlargement
Occurs during weightlifting
Lipofuscin - ANSWER ✔✔A fat-based pigment that sometimes
remains following the breakdown of cellular membranes by the lysosome
Accumulation can cause dysfunction of tissues and organs, especially in
the CNS and eyes
