Portage BIOD 101 Module 1 Exam Questions
and Answers – Updated 2026/2027 GRADED
A+ (100% Correct)
Low Density Lipoprotein - ✔✔ANS "bad cholesterol," builds up within vessels of the body
Essential Elements - ✔✔ANS elements that are required for human life and are abundant
Ionic Bonds - ✔✔ANS formed when ions of molecules of opposite charge are attracted to each other
relatively stable typically metal + nonmetal
Covalent Bond - ✔✔ANS formed when electrons are shared equally between two atoms to complete the
valence shells of both strong typically nonmetal + nonmetal
Cations - ✔✔ANS positively charged ions
Polar Covalent Bond - ✔✔ANS formed when electrons are shared unequally between 2 atoms to
complete the valence shells of both
-results in partial negative and positive charges in the bonded atoms
-allows hydrogen bonding
Trace Elements - ✔✔ANS elements that are required for human life but only in small amounts
6 predominate elements in living organisms - ✔✔ANS oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and
phosphate
Ions - ✔✔ANS atoms of molecules with net negative or positive charge
,Anions - ✔✔ANS negatively charged ions
Hydrogen Bond - ✔✔ANS formed by electrostatic interactions between molecules with polar covalent
bonds weak
Macromolecules - ✔✔ANS large polymeric molecule made up of many covalently bonded monomers
Protein Major Function - ✔✔ANS regulation, structure, transport, protection
Functional Groups - ✔✔ANS molecules that bind to the carbon backbone of a simple sugar
(monosaccharide)
-OH -PO4
Polysaccharides - ✔✔ANS complex sugars made of many monosaccharides linked together a
type of energy storage for cells named according to the number of carbons
Dehydration Reaction - ✔✔ANS water molecule is lost from the reactant side of the chemical reaction
reaction used to join differing amounts of glucose to form polysaccharides
Hydrolysis Reactions - ✔✔ANS breaks down polysaccharides
releases the monosaccharide in the polysaccharide by adding water to each covalent bond in succession of
hydrolysis
Biomacromolecules - ✔✔ANS carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)
, Carbohydrate Major Function - ✔✔ANS energy metabolism
Lipid Major Function - ✔✔ANS energy, structural, regulatory
Nucleic Acid Major Function - ✔✔ANS regulation, hereditary, protein synthesis
Carbohydrates - ✔✔ANS made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms commonly
referred to as "sugars" primary source of fuel for organisms
Carbohydrate hydrogen to oxygen ration - ✔✔ANS 2:1
Monosaccharides - ✔✔ANS simple sugar carbohydrates made up of a single monomer ex:
glucose, fructose, and ribose + deoxyribose (RNA+DNA)
Lipids - ✔✔ANS biomacromolecules which are insoluble in water
contain many hydrocarbon (C-H) bonds non polar two building
blocks: glycerol and fatty acids
Phospholipid - ✔✔ANS contain two main components: (1) a polar head group joined to (2) a non-polar
tail group head is composed of a charged phosphate group and is hydrophilic tail is non-polar fatty acid
chains which are hydrophobic
and Answers – Updated 2026/2027 GRADED
A+ (100% Correct)
Low Density Lipoprotein - ✔✔ANS "bad cholesterol," builds up within vessels of the body
Essential Elements - ✔✔ANS elements that are required for human life and are abundant
Ionic Bonds - ✔✔ANS formed when ions of molecules of opposite charge are attracted to each other
relatively stable typically metal + nonmetal
Covalent Bond - ✔✔ANS formed when electrons are shared equally between two atoms to complete the
valence shells of both strong typically nonmetal + nonmetal
Cations - ✔✔ANS positively charged ions
Polar Covalent Bond - ✔✔ANS formed when electrons are shared unequally between 2 atoms to
complete the valence shells of both
-results in partial negative and positive charges in the bonded atoms
-allows hydrogen bonding
Trace Elements - ✔✔ANS elements that are required for human life but only in small amounts
6 predominate elements in living organisms - ✔✔ANS oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and
phosphate
Ions - ✔✔ANS atoms of molecules with net negative or positive charge
,Anions - ✔✔ANS negatively charged ions
Hydrogen Bond - ✔✔ANS formed by electrostatic interactions between molecules with polar covalent
bonds weak
Macromolecules - ✔✔ANS large polymeric molecule made up of many covalently bonded monomers
Protein Major Function - ✔✔ANS regulation, structure, transport, protection
Functional Groups - ✔✔ANS molecules that bind to the carbon backbone of a simple sugar
(monosaccharide)
-OH -PO4
Polysaccharides - ✔✔ANS complex sugars made of many monosaccharides linked together a
type of energy storage for cells named according to the number of carbons
Dehydration Reaction - ✔✔ANS water molecule is lost from the reactant side of the chemical reaction
reaction used to join differing amounts of glucose to form polysaccharides
Hydrolysis Reactions - ✔✔ANS breaks down polysaccharides
releases the monosaccharide in the polysaccharide by adding water to each covalent bond in succession of
hydrolysis
Biomacromolecules - ✔✔ANS carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)
, Carbohydrate Major Function - ✔✔ANS energy metabolism
Lipid Major Function - ✔✔ANS energy, structural, regulatory
Nucleic Acid Major Function - ✔✔ANS regulation, hereditary, protein synthesis
Carbohydrates - ✔✔ANS made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms commonly
referred to as "sugars" primary source of fuel for organisms
Carbohydrate hydrogen to oxygen ration - ✔✔ANS 2:1
Monosaccharides - ✔✔ANS simple sugar carbohydrates made up of a single monomer ex:
glucose, fructose, and ribose + deoxyribose (RNA+DNA)
Lipids - ✔✔ANS biomacromolecules which are insoluble in water
contain many hydrocarbon (C-H) bonds non polar two building
blocks: glycerol and fatty acids
Phospholipid - ✔✔ANS contain two main components: (1) a polar head group joined to (2) a non-polar
tail group head is composed of a charged phosphate group and is hydrophilic tail is non-polar fatty acid
chains which are hydrophobic
