BIOLOGY 1408 - UNIT 1 EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

BIOLOGY 1408 - UNIT 1 EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 Population - Answers members of the same species occupying the same place at the same time Community - Answers includes the populations of different species in a region Ecosystem - Answers includes both the living and nonliving components of an area Biosphere - Answers consists all the parts of the planet that can support life Atom - Answers smallest scale, all living structures are composed of them Molecules - Answers atoms boneded together Organelles - Answers compartments that carry out specialized functions in cells, made up of molecules Emergent Properties - Answers new functions that arise from physical and chemical interactions among a systems components. explain why structural organization is closely tied to function. Primary Producers - Answers autotrophs; make their own food by extracting energy and nutrients from nonliving sources Consumers - Answers obtain energy and nutrients by eating other organisms, living or dead; heterotrophs Decomposers - Answers heterotrophs that absorb energy and nutrients from wasters or dead organisms Homeostasis - Answers the state of internal consistancy Asexual Reproduction - Answers genetic information comes from one parent, all offspring are identical Sexual reproduction - Answers genetic material from 2 parents unite to form an offspring which has a new combination of inherited traits development - Answers changes that occur as an organism matures into an adult adaptation - Answers inherited characteristic or behavior that enables an organism to survive and reproduce successfully in its environment natural selection - Answers the enhanced reproductive success of certain individuals from a population based on inherited characteristics. Evolution - Answers a change in the genetic makeup of a population over multiple generations metabolism - Answers the collection of chemical reactions that occur inside each cell to sustain life Organ - Answers a structure consisting of tissues organized to interact and carry out specific functions Taxonomy - Answers the science of naming and classifying organisms Species - Answers designates a distinctive type of organism Genus - Answers closely related species What makes up the scientific name of each species? - Answers Genus and the specific desctriptor Domain - Answers the broadest most inclusive taxonomic category (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya) Kingdom - Answers taxonomic category below domain Scientific Method - Answers general way of using evidence to answer questions and test ideas Hypothesis - Answers a tentative explanation for one or more observations Predictions - Answers anticipated outcome of the test of a hypothesis 2 Scientists that independently developed the idea of natural selection: - Answers Charles Darwin Alfred Russel Wallace Protista - Answers group of eukaryotes that includes many different unrelated species that are united solely because they are not fungi, plants, or animals. Peer Review - Answers scientists independently evaluate the validity of the methods, data, and conclusions in an experiment. Experiment - Answers an investigation carried out in controlled conditions. Variable - Answers a changeable element of an experiment; multiple types: independent, dependent, standardized Independent Variable - Answers the factor that an investigator manipulates to determine whether it causes another variable to change (dose of vaccine) Dependent Variable - Answers any response that might depend on the value of the independent variable (number of children with illness) Standardized Variable - Answers any variable that an investigator intentionally holds constant for all the subjects in an experiment; including the control group (age and health of children in the study) Control Group - Answers untreated group used as a basis for comparison with a treated group in an experiment Placebo - Answers inert substance sometimes administered to an experimental control group Sample Size - Answers number of individuals assigned to each treatment or control group Statistically Significant - Answers unlikely to be attributed to chance. Theory - Answers explanation for a natural phenomenon - broader than a hypothesis Fact - Answers a repeatable observation that everyone can agree on Technology - Answers the practical application of scientific knowledge Domains that contain prokaryotic organisms - Answers Archaea, Bacteria Domain Bacteria - Answers cells lack nuclei most are unicellular prokaryotic Domain Archaea - Answers Cells lack nuclei Most are unicellular Prokaryotic Domain Eukarya - Answers cells contain nuclei unicellular or multicellular Matter - Answers Any material that takes up space Energy - Answers the ability to do work - in biology it means moving matter Element - Answers pure substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means into other substances. (oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen) Periodic Table - Answers chart that arranges the elements based on their properties Bulk Elements - Answers an element that an organism requires in large amounts: Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Trace Elements - Answers an element an organism requires in small amounts: Iron Zinc Protons - Answers particle that carries a positive charge Neutrons - Answers particle that is uncharged What forms the central nucleus - Answers protons and neutrons Nucleus - Answers central part of an atom Electrons - Answers negatively charged particle that surrounds the nucleus. essentially weightless Atomic Number - Answers number of protons in the nucleus Ion - Answers an atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost electrons and therefore has a net negative or positive charge Mass Number - Answers the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. Isotope - Answers any of the forms of an element, each having a different number of neutrons in the nucleus Atomic Weight - Answers average mass of all atoms of an element - typically close to the mass number of the most abundant isotope. Radioactive Isotopes - Answers emit energy as rays or particles when they break down into a more stable form. atom that emits particles or rays as its nucleus disintegrates Molecule - Answers two or more chemically joined atoms Compound - Answers a molecule composed of two or more different elements Orbitals - Answers volume of space where a particular electron is likely to be can hold up to 2 electrons Energy Shells - Answers group of electron orbitals that share the same energy level Valence Shell - Answers the outermost occupied energy shell - atoms are more stable when the valence shell is full Electronegativity - Answers an atoms tendency to attract electrons Chemical Bond - Answers the attractive force that holds atoms together. happens through the sharing or stealing of electrons from one atom to another. Ionic Bond - Answers the electrical attraction between two ions with opposite charges Covalent Bond - Answers when two atoms share electrons - most bonds in biological molecules are covalent Polar Covalent Bond - Answers lopsided union where one nucleus has a stronger pull on the shared electrons than it does the other nucleus electrons are attracted more to one atom's nucleus than to the other. Hydrogen Bond - Answers weak chemical bond between opposite partial charges on two molecules or within one large molecule Cohesion - Answers the tendency of water molecules to stick together Adhesion - Answers the tendency to form hydrogen bonds with substances other than water (such as when a paper towel gets wet the water adheres to the molecules that make up the paper) Solvent - Answers a chemical in which other substances can dissolve Solute - Answers a chemical that dissolves in a solvent, forming a solution Solution - Answers consists of one or more solutes dissolved into a liquid solvent Hydrophilic - Answers attracted to water Hydrophobic - Answers water fearing do not dissolve in or form hydrogen bonds with water examples would be butter or oil Evaporation - Answers the conversion of a liquid into a vapor Chemical Reaction - Answers interaction in which bonds break and new bonds form Reactants - Answers starting material in a chemical reaction Products - Answers results of the reaction Forms of Energy - Answers Light, heat and chemical bonds, sound Neutral - Answers neither acidic nor basic Acid - Answers a molecule that releases hydrogen ions into a solution