CAPA REVIEW 1 2026 FINAL PAPER
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS COMPLETE
SOLUTION VIEW
◉DNR vs AND. Answer: DNR can WITHHOLD Palliative care
AND includes it
◉Ethical Principles. Answer: Autonomy-freedom of action chosen by
individual
Beneficence- doing good
Nonmaleficence- do no harm
Justice- duty to be fair to all people
Veracity- truthfullness or accuracy
Fidelity- loyal or faithful
◉Biot's respirations. Answer: rapid gasps followed by apnea
Usually brain insults (ex. traumas)
=Increase ICP
,◉Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Answer: gradual increase and then
decrease in breathing followed by apnea
Increase ICP
usually Cardiac problems
◉Kussmaul's breathing pattern. Answer: tachypnea and hyperpnea
ex. DKA, metabolic acidosis patients
◉Statutory Law. Answer: legislative acts declaring, commanding, or
prohibiting something
written laws where you can go and reference it
ex. driving over the speed limit
◉Common Law. Answer: patient bill of rights
derived from principles rather than rules and regulations
◉Civil Law. Answer: Based on rules and regulations
Court action lawsuits (most common)
Wrong doing
◉Tort Law. Answer: wrongful doing
involves compensation to those wrongfully injured
,assault/battery/negligence; alarm silencing
◉Criminal Law. Answer: Harmful or offensive to society as a whole
ex. practicing nursing/medicine without a license; harming patients
on purpose
◉Informed consent**. Answer: Consent obtained after the patient
has been fully informed by the physician about the risks and benefits
of the treatment, alternatives, and consequences of no treatment
*can be withdrawn at any time; even at the last second
*If signing after narcotic/benzo given-must wait at least 1/2 the
half-life of the drug
*Is the patient knowledgeable, willing, competent
◉Informed Consent (cont)**. Answer: Competent to Sign: legal
adult, minors with parent/guardian, emancipated minor (married or
in armed forces).
Exceptions: pt is unable to give consent and is a threat to
life/emergent (IMPLIED CONSENT)
**Must have documentation of emergency in staff notes
◉**Malpractice. Answer: Elements needed to claim medical
malpractice:
Duty owed patient
, Breach of duty owed patient
Causation - most difficult to prove
Injury/Damages
◉Intentional Torts. Answer: Violating patient rights; No actual harm
necessary.
3 most common:
Assault-place person in fear of being touched
Battery-Touch without permission
False imprisonment-unjustified detention
◉Intentional Quasi Torts. Answer: No intent to injure or cause
distress to another person.
Ex: Patient abandonment, defamation of character, invasion of
privacy, breach of confidentiality
◉**Staffing Ratios. Answer: Staffing ratios see pg. 864
ISO patients 1:1
Peds <8 yo unconscious = 1:1 regardless of parent.
( if they have parent and stable you can have another patient)
1:1 New phase 1 admission (fresh out of OR), unstable
hemodynamically, unstable airway
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS COMPLETE
SOLUTION VIEW
◉DNR vs AND. Answer: DNR can WITHHOLD Palliative care
AND includes it
◉Ethical Principles. Answer: Autonomy-freedom of action chosen by
individual
Beneficence- doing good
Nonmaleficence- do no harm
Justice- duty to be fair to all people
Veracity- truthfullness or accuracy
Fidelity- loyal or faithful
◉Biot's respirations. Answer: rapid gasps followed by apnea
Usually brain insults (ex. traumas)
=Increase ICP
,◉Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Answer: gradual increase and then
decrease in breathing followed by apnea
Increase ICP
usually Cardiac problems
◉Kussmaul's breathing pattern. Answer: tachypnea and hyperpnea
ex. DKA, metabolic acidosis patients
◉Statutory Law. Answer: legislative acts declaring, commanding, or
prohibiting something
written laws where you can go and reference it
ex. driving over the speed limit
◉Common Law. Answer: patient bill of rights
derived from principles rather than rules and regulations
◉Civil Law. Answer: Based on rules and regulations
Court action lawsuits (most common)
Wrong doing
◉Tort Law. Answer: wrongful doing
involves compensation to those wrongfully injured
,assault/battery/negligence; alarm silencing
◉Criminal Law. Answer: Harmful or offensive to society as a whole
ex. practicing nursing/medicine without a license; harming patients
on purpose
◉Informed consent**. Answer: Consent obtained after the patient
has been fully informed by the physician about the risks and benefits
of the treatment, alternatives, and consequences of no treatment
*can be withdrawn at any time; even at the last second
*If signing after narcotic/benzo given-must wait at least 1/2 the
half-life of the drug
*Is the patient knowledgeable, willing, competent
◉Informed Consent (cont)**. Answer: Competent to Sign: legal
adult, minors with parent/guardian, emancipated minor (married or
in armed forces).
Exceptions: pt is unable to give consent and is a threat to
life/emergent (IMPLIED CONSENT)
**Must have documentation of emergency in staff notes
◉**Malpractice. Answer: Elements needed to claim medical
malpractice:
Duty owed patient
, Breach of duty owed patient
Causation - most difficult to prove
Injury/Damages
◉Intentional Torts. Answer: Violating patient rights; No actual harm
necessary.
3 most common:
Assault-place person in fear of being touched
Battery-Touch without permission
False imprisonment-unjustified detention
◉Intentional Quasi Torts. Answer: No intent to injure or cause
distress to another person.
Ex: Patient abandonment, defamation of character, invasion of
privacy, breach of confidentiality
◉**Staffing Ratios. Answer: Staffing ratios see pg. 864
ISO patients 1:1
Peds <8 yo unconscious = 1:1 regardless of parent.
( if they have parent and stable you can have another patient)
1:1 New phase 1 admission (fresh out of OR), unstable
hemodynamically, unstable airway
