CAPA REVIEW 1 2026 EXAMINATION TEST COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS UPDATED

CAPA REVIEW 1 2026 EXAMINATION TEST
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
UPDATED

◉Electrolytes: Magnesium HYPERmagnesemia. Answer: Normal 1.5
to 2.5


Hypermagnesemia:
Sedative effect on CNS
Used for premature Labor, Preeclampsia (therapeutic range for
Preeclampsia 6 - 8 )
-Monitor Mom/baby
-rapid onset pulm edema
-poor deep tendon reflexes
-hypotension


Treatment:
Ca Gluconate and fluid promotes diuresis


◉Electrolytes: Calcium HYPOcalcemia. Answer: Normal serum: 8.5 -
10.5 (on BMP; goes it is actually bound with albumin) *If low serum
Ca then go look at albumin level as well

,Normal Ionized Value: 4.5 - 5.6 (CMP; nonbound free floating Ca)


Causes:
Hypoparathyroidism (Low Ca and High Ph)
Multiple banked blood transfusions r/t citrate
Diuretics
Vit D deficiencies


Symptoms:
Twitching
Cramps
Laryngospams
Diarrhea
Positive Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign


Treatment:
Ca replacement


◉Electrolytes: Calcium HYPERcalcemia. Answer: Normal serum: 8.5
- 10.5 (on BMP; goes it is actually bound with albumin) *If low
serum Ca then go look at albumin level as well
Normal Ionized Value: 4.5 - 5.6 (CMP; nonbound free floating Ca)

,Causes:
Hyperparathyroidism (high Ca and low Ph)
Hypophosphatemia
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Diuresis
Burns


Symptoms:
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Weakness
Poor Deep tendon reflexes
slow bowel sounds
decreased LOC


Treatment:
Phos replacement
Ca channel blockers
Lasix

, ◉Electrolytes: Phosphorus HYPOphosphatemia. Answer: Normal: 1 -
2


Exactly same as HYPOcalcemia


Low Phos = low muscle = weakness
High Ca


Causes:
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia (inverse from Ph)
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Diuresis
Burns


Symptoms:
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Weakness
Poor Deep tendon reflexes
slow bowel sounds