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A&P 1 101 MODULE 3 EXAM 2026/2027 | Digestive System
Test | Portage Learning | RATED A+ | Pass Guaranteed - A+
Graded
SECTION 1: Digestive System Anatomy - Overview & Organs (Q1-Q20)
Q1: Which of the following lists the layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall in correct
order from the lumen outward?
A. Serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa
B. Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa [CORRECT]
C. Submucosa, mucosa, muscularis externa, adventitia
D. Mucosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, serosa
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The GI tract wall is organized as mucosa (closest to lumen), submucosa,
muscularis externa, and serosa/adventitia (outermost); A reverses the order, C places
submucosa incorrectly, and D transposes the muscularis and submucosa.
Q2: The mucosa layer of the GI tract is composed of which three sublayers?
A. Adventitia, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae
B. Epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae [CORRECT]
C. Serosa, submucosa, epithelium
D. Circular muscle, longitudinal muscle, epithelium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The mucosa consists of epithelium (absorption/secretion), lamina propria
(connective tissue/lymphoid tissue), and muscularis mucosae (thin smooth muscle); A
includes adventitia, C includes serosa and submucosa, and D describes muscularis
externa layers.
,2
Q3: Which salivary gland is the largest, located anterior to the ear, and produces
primarily serous saliva?
A. Sublingual gland
B. Submandibular gland
C. Parotid gland [CORRECT]
D. Labial gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland, situated anterior to the ear,
and secretes serous saliva via Stensen's duct; the sublingual (A) and submandibular
(B) glands are smaller and produce mixed/serous secretions, and labial glands (D) are
minor.
Q4: The esophagus passes through the diaphragm via which opening?
A. Vena caval foramen
B. Esophageal hiatus [CORRECT]
C. Aortic hiatus
D. Foramen of Morgagni
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The esophageal hiatus is the diaphragmatic opening at the T10 level that
transmits the esophagus and vagus nerves; the vena caval foramen (A) transmits the
inferior vena cava, the aortic hiatus (C) transmits the aorta, and the foramen of
Morgagni (D) is an anterior defect.
Q5: Which region of the stomach lies superior to the cardiac region and is in contact
with the left dome of the diaphragm?
A. Pyloric antrum
B. Body
,3
C. Fundus [CORRECT]
D. Cardia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The fundus is the dome-shaped region superior to the cardiac opening
and left of the body; the pyloric antrum (A) is distal, the body (B) is the large central
region, and the cardia (D) surrounds the esophageal opening.
Q6: The pyloric sphincter regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach into
which structure?
A. Jejunum
B. Ileum
C. Duodenum [CORRECT]
D. Cecum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The pyloric sphincter controls gastric emptying into the duodenum, the
first segment of the small intestine; the jejunum (A) and ileum (B) are distal small
intestine segments, and the cecum (D) is the proximal large intestine.
Q7: Which section of the small intestine receives chyme from the stomach and
secretions from the liver and pancreas?
A. Ileum
B. Jejunum
C. Duodenum [CORRECT]
D. Colon
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The duodenum is the first and shortest segment of the small intestine,
receiving chyme via the pylorus and bile/pancreatic juice via the hepatopancreatic
ampulla; the jejunum (A) and ileum (B) are distal absorptive segments, and the colon
(D) is large intestine.
, 4
Q8: The ileocecal valve is located between which two structures?
A. Duodenum and jejunum
B. Stomach and duodenum
C. Ileum and cecum [CORRECT]
D. Cecum and appendix
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The ileocecal valve is the sphincter-like structure at the junction of the
terminal ileum and cecum that prevents reflux of colonic contents; A is the
duodenojejunal flexure, B is the pylorus, and D is the cecal-appendiceal junction.
Q9: Which part of the large intestine is divided into ascending, transverse,
descending, and sigmoid portions?
A. Rectum
B. Cecum
C. Colon [CORRECT]
D. Anal canal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The colon is the sacculated portion of the large intestine with four named
regions; the rectum (A) is straight and distal, the cecum (B) is the pouch-like proximal
portion, and the anal canal (D) is the terminal opening.
Q10: [Diagram Description] A diagram of the liver shows hexagonal functional units
with a central vein in the middle of each unit and portal triads at the corners. Label C
points to one of these functional units. These units are called:
A. Hepatic sinusoids
B. Portal triads
A&P 1 101 MODULE 3 EXAM 2026/2027 | Digestive System
Test | Portage Learning | RATED A+ | Pass Guaranteed - A+
Graded
SECTION 1: Digestive System Anatomy - Overview & Organs (Q1-Q20)
Q1: Which of the following lists the layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall in correct
order from the lumen outward?
A. Serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa
B. Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa [CORRECT]
C. Submucosa, mucosa, muscularis externa, adventitia
D. Mucosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, serosa
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The GI tract wall is organized as mucosa (closest to lumen), submucosa,
muscularis externa, and serosa/adventitia (outermost); A reverses the order, C places
submucosa incorrectly, and D transposes the muscularis and submucosa.
Q2: The mucosa layer of the GI tract is composed of which three sublayers?
A. Adventitia, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae
B. Epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae [CORRECT]
C. Serosa, submucosa, epithelium
D. Circular muscle, longitudinal muscle, epithelium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The mucosa consists of epithelium (absorption/secretion), lamina propria
(connective tissue/lymphoid tissue), and muscularis mucosae (thin smooth muscle); A
includes adventitia, C includes serosa and submucosa, and D describes muscularis
externa layers.
,2
Q3: Which salivary gland is the largest, located anterior to the ear, and produces
primarily serous saliva?
A. Sublingual gland
B. Submandibular gland
C. Parotid gland [CORRECT]
D. Labial gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland, situated anterior to the ear,
and secretes serous saliva via Stensen's duct; the sublingual (A) and submandibular
(B) glands are smaller and produce mixed/serous secretions, and labial glands (D) are
minor.
Q4: The esophagus passes through the diaphragm via which opening?
A. Vena caval foramen
B. Esophageal hiatus [CORRECT]
C. Aortic hiatus
D. Foramen of Morgagni
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The esophageal hiatus is the diaphragmatic opening at the T10 level that
transmits the esophagus and vagus nerves; the vena caval foramen (A) transmits the
inferior vena cava, the aortic hiatus (C) transmits the aorta, and the foramen of
Morgagni (D) is an anterior defect.
Q5: Which region of the stomach lies superior to the cardiac region and is in contact
with the left dome of the diaphragm?
A. Pyloric antrum
B. Body
,3
C. Fundus [CORRECT]
D. Cardia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The fundus is the dome-shaped region superior to the cardiac opening
and left of the body; the pyloric antrum (A) is distal, the body (B) is the large central
region, and the cardia (D) surrounds the esophageal opening.
Q6: The pyloric sphincter regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach into
which structure?
A. Jejunum
B. Ileum
C. Duodenum [CORRECT]
D. Cecum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The pyloric sphincter controls gastric emptying into the duodenum, the
first segment of the small intestine; the jejunum (A) and ileum (B) are distal small
intestine segments, and the cecum (D) is the proximal large intestine.
Q7: Which section of the small intestine receives chyme from the stomach and
secretions from the liver and pancreas?
A. Ileum
B. Jejunum
C. Duodenum [CORRECT]
D. Colon
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The duodenum is the first and shortest segment of the small intestine,
receiving chyme via the pylorus and bile/pancreatic juice via the hepatopancreatic
ampulla; the jejunum (A) and ileum (B) are distal absorptive segments, and the colon
(D) is large intestine.
, 4
Q8: The ileocecal valve is located between which two structures?
A. Duodenum and jejunum
B. Stomach and duodenum
C. Ileum and cecum [CORRECT]
D. Cecum and appendix
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The ileocecal valve is the sphincter-like structure at the junction of the
terminal ileum and cecum that prevents reflux of colonic contents; A is the
duodenojejunal flexure, B is the pylorus, and D is the cecal-appendiceal junction.
Q9: Which part of the large intestine is divided into ascending, transverse,
descending, and sigmoid portions?
A. Rectum
B. Cecum
C. Colon [CORRECT]
D. Anal canal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The colon is the sacculated portion of the large intestine with four named
regions; the rectum (A) is straight and distal, the cecum (B) is the pouch-like proximal
portion, and the anal canal (D) is the terminal opening.
Q10: [Diagram Description] A diagram of the liver shows hexagonal functional units
with a central vein in the middle of each unit and portal triads at the corners. Label C
points to one of these functional units. These units are called:
A. Hepatic sinusoids
B. Portal triads
