BIOL 322 MIDTERM EXAM COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS COMPLETE WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS

BIOL 322 MIDTERM EXAM COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS COMPLETE WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS 1. What are the four types of TACK Archaea? A) Thaumarchaeota, Aigarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, Korarchaeota B) Thaumarchaeota, Euryarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, Korarchaeota C) Thaumarchaeota, Aigarchaeota, Nanoarchaeota, Korarchaeota D) Diaphoretrites, Aigarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, Korarchaeota Correct Answer: A - The TACK superphylum consists of Thaumarchaeota, Aigarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, and Korarchaeota. ________________________________________ 2. Which type of archaea does Sulfolobus belong to? A) Thaumarchaeota B) Korarchaeota C) Crenarchaeota D) Aigarchaeota Correct Answer: C - Sulfolobus is a member of Crenarchaeota. ________________________________________ 3. What is a unique characteristic of Sulfolobus? A) It is anaerobic B) It was the first Canadian genome sequenced C) It is a sulfur-reducing chemoautotroph D) It shares nutrients via cannulae Correct Answer: B - Sulfolobus was the first Canadian genome sequenced. It is also aerobic and sulfur-oxidizing. ________________________________________ 4. What type of metabolism does Sulfolobus exhibit? A) Sulfur-reducing chemoautotroph B) Sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotroph C) Sulfur-oxidizing photoautotroph D) Sulfur-reducing photoheterotroph Correct Answer: B - Sulfolobus is a sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotroph. ________________________________________ 5. What are the unique characteristics of Pyrodictium abyssi? A) Crenarchaeota, shares nutrients via cannulae, sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotroph B) Korarchaeota, shares nutrients via cannulae, sulfur-reducing chemoautotroph C) Crenarchaeota, uses grappling hooks, sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotroph D) Thaumarchaeota, shares nutrients via pili, sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotroph Correct Answer: A - Pyrodictium abyssi is a Crenarchaeota that shares nutrients via cannulae and is a sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotroph. ________________________________________ 6. Which member of TACK was initially confused as a Crenarchaeota? A) Aigarchaeota B) Korarchaeota C) Thaumarchaeota D) Nanoarchaeota Correct Answer: C - Thaumarchaeota was initially confused as a Crenarchaeota and was found as a sponge symbiont. ________________________________________ 7. Where was Thaumarchaeota first discovered? A) In hydrothermal vents B) As a sponge symbiont C) In soil samples D) In the human gut Correct Answer: B - Thaumarchaeota was first found as a sponge symbiont. ________________________________________ 8. What are the unique characteristics of Candidatus korarchaeum cryptophylum? A) Aigarchaeota, very large genome, produces its own peptides B) Korarchaeota, very small genome, eats peptides made by other organisms C) Korarchaeota, very large genome, eats peptides made by other organisms D) Thaumarchaeota, very small genome, produces its own peptides Correct Answer: B - Candidatus korarchaeum cryptophylum is a Korarchaeota with a very small genome that eats peptides made by other organisms. ________________________________________ 9. What are the members of DPANN? A) Diaphoretrites, Parvarchaeota, Aenigmarcheota, Nanoarchaeota, Nanohaloarchaeota B) Diaphoretrites, Euryarchaeota, Aenigmarcheota, Nanoarchaeota, Nanohaloarchaeota C) Diaphoretrites, Parvarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, Nanoarchaeota, Nanohaloarchaeota D) Diaphoretrites, Parvarchaeota, Aenigmarcheota, Korarchaeota, Nanohaloarchaeota Correct Answer: A - DPANN consists of Diaphoretrites, Parvarchaeota, Aenigmarcheota, Nanoarchaeota, and Nanohaloarchaeota. ________________________________________ 10. Which member of DPANN was discovered first? A) Parvarchaeota B) Aenigmarcheota C) Nanoarchaeota D) Nanohaloarchaeota Correct Answer: C - Nanoarchaeota was the first member of DPANN to be discovered. ________________________________________ 11. What are the unique characteristics of Altiaraceae? A) TACK archaea that uses grappling hooks to hold onto things B) DPANN archaea that uses grappling hooks to hold onto things C) DPANN archaea that shares nutrients via cannulae D) TACK archaea that has a very small genome Correct Answer: B - Altiaraceae are DPANN archaea that use grappling hooks to hold onto things and each other. ________________________________________ 12. Which bacteria is typically found in symbiotic relationships with DPANN archaea? A) Escherichia coli B) Bacillus subtilis C) Ignococcus hospitals D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa Correct Answer: C - Ignococcus hospitals is typically found in symbiotic relationships with DPANN archaea because DPANN genomes are very small and usually cannot perform metabolism without help. ________________________________________ 13. Why do DPANN archaea typically require symbiotic relationships? A) They lack ribosomes B) They cannot reproduce on their own C) Their genomes are very small and they usually can't do metabolism without