HOAG ECG PRACTICE EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS CERTIFICATION EVALUATION SET

HOAG ECG PRACTICE EXAM 2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION SET

●● Normal electrical pathway
Answer: SA node, AV node, bundle of His, right/left bundle branch, and
Purkinje fibers


●● Final result of this electrical pathway?
Answer: Ventricular contraction


●● If the SA node is damaged...
Answer: the AV node will fire at a rate of 40-60 BPM


●● If the AV node is damaged...
Answer: the Purkinje fibers will fire at a rate of 20-40 BPM


●● Normal blood flow thru the heart
Answer: see photo


●● Electrical activity, atrial/ventricular contraction are all...
Answer: Interconnected

,●● If the electrical pathway is altered or impaired (Afib, VTach)....
Answer: The blood flow pathway is also affected & vise versa


●● Depolarization
Answer: Contraction (systole)


●● Repolarization
Answer: Relaxation (diastole)


●● What does the P wave represent?
Answer: Contraction of the atrium or depolarization


●● What does the QRS complex represent?
Answer: Contraction of the ventricle or depolarization


●● The Q wave is the first...
Answer: negative deflection after the P wave


●● The R wave is the first...
Answer: positive deflection after the P wave

, ●● The S wave is the first...
Answer: negative deflection after the R wave


●● Normal QRS interval
Answer: 0.04-0.12 sec (1-3 squares)


●● What does the T wave represent?
Answer: ventricular repolarization or relaxation


●● How is the PR interval measured?
Answer: from the beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS
complex


●● Normal PR interval
Answer: 0.12-0.20 (3-5 squares)


●● What segment is not measured?
Answer: The ST segment


●● What should be evaluated of the ST segment to identify pathologic
conditions? (elevated or depressed?
Answer: The shape and location