BIOD 171 ESSENTIAL MICROBIOLOGY 2026
FINAL PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
PREMIUM STUDY COMPILATION
◉ -Photosynthesis: Convert light energy to chemical energy
-Autotrophic: Use inorganic materials and sunlight to generate
energy
-Cell wall: made of cellulose to maintain shape and prevent excessive
water uptake
-Specialized organelles
-Plastids
-Central vacuole
-Chloroplasts
Answer: Plantae
◉ Multicellular or unicellular chemoheterotrophs
-Chitin: glucose derivative present in cell walls
-Saprotrophic: externally digest and then absorb nutrients from
decaying matter
Answer: Fungal
◉ -Colonies
, -Heterotrophic and autotrophic
-Protozoa, unicellular algae, slime molds
Answer: Protista
◉ -Non-living infectious microbes that only replicate within a host
cell
Answer: Virus
◉ DNA or RNA
Answer: Genetic material
◉ Protein coat enclosing genome with differing structures
Answer: Capsid
◉ Membrane that surrounds capsid and help to infect host
Answer: Viral envelope
◉ Semi-permeable membrane made of a phospholipid bilayer
Answer: Cell (plasma) membrane
◉ -Proteins in membrane allow the import of nutrients or export of
molecules (wastes, signaling molecules)
FINAL PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
PREMIUM STUDY COMPILATION
◉ -Photosynthesis: Convert light energy to chemical energy
-Autotrophic: Use inorganic materials and sunlight to generate
energy
-Cell wall: made of cellulose to maintain shape and prevent excessive
water uptake
-Specialized organelles
-Plastids
-Central vacuole
-Chloroplasts
Answer: Plantae
◉ Multicellular or unicellular chemoheterotrophs
-Chitin: glucose derivative present in cell walls
-Saprotrophic: externally digest and then absorb nutrients from
decaying matter
Answer: Fungal
◉ -Colonies
, -Heterotrophic and autotrophic
-Protozoa, unicellular algae, slime molds
Answer: Protista
◉ -Non-living infectious microbes that only replicate within a host
cell
Answer: Virus
◉ DNA or RNA
Answer: Genetic material
◉ Protein coat enclosing genome with differing structures
Answer: Capsid
◉ Membrane that surrounds capsid and help to infect host
Answer: Viral envelope
◉ Semi-permeable membrane made of a phospholipid bilayer
Answer: Cell (plasma) membrane
◉ -Proteins in membrane allow the import of nutrients or export of
molecules (wastes, signaling molecules)
