ATI Maternal QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
UPDATED 2026
# Term Definition
1 What is infertility?
Inability to conceive despite engaging in unprotected
sexual intercourse for a period of at least 12 months.
2 What are the positive signs of
pregnancy? Fetal heart sounds Visualization of fetus by ultrasound
*Fetal movement palpated by an experienced examiner
3 Nulligravida A woman who has never been pregnant
4 Primigravida A woman in her first pregnancy
5 Multigravida A woman who has had two or more pregnancies
6 GTPAL acronym
Gravidity Term (38 weeks or more) Preterm births (from
viability up to 37 weeks)
Abortions/miscarriages (prior to viability) Living children
7 110 to 160/min
Normal baseline rate of fetal heart
tones
8 Hegar's sign Softening and compressibility of lower uterus
9 Chadwick's sign
Deepened violet-bluish color of vaginal mucosa
secondary to increased vascularity of the area
,ATI MATERNAL
10 Goodell's sign Softening of cervical tip
11 Ballottment Rebound of unengaged fetus
12 Braxton Hicks contractions
False contractions, painless, irregular, and usually
relieved by walking
13 Nagele's rule
Take the first day of the woman's last menstrual cycle,
substract 3 months, and then add 7 days and 1 year
14 Chloasma
Mask of pregnancy (pigmentation increases on the face)
# Term Definition
15 Linea nigra
Dark line of pigmentation from the umbilicus extending
to the pubic area
16 Striae gravidarum
Stretch marks most notably found on the abdomen and
thighs
17 Probably signs of pregnancy are what?
- Abdominal enlargement related to changes in uterine
size, shape, and position - Cervical changes - Hegar's sign
- Chadwick's sign -
Goodell's sign - Ballottement - Braxton Hicks contractions
- Positive pregnancy test - Fetal outline felt by examiner
18 Presumptive signs of pregnancy are
what? - Amenorrhea - Fatigue - Nausea and vomiting Urinary
frequency - Breast changes - darkened areola, enlarged
- Montgomery's tubules Quickening - slight fluttering
movements of the fetus felt by a woman, usually
between 16 to 20 weeks of gestation - Uterine
enlargement Linea nigra - Chloasma - Striae gravidarum
19 False Causes birth defects
True or False Alcohol causes low birth
weight
, ATI MATERNAL
20 False Causes low birth weight
True or False Tobacco causes birth
defects
21 What are the danger signs of
pregnancy? - Gush of fluid from the vagina (rupture of amniotic fluid)
prior to 37 weeks of gestation Vaginal bleeding -
Abdominal pain - Changes in fetal activity - Persistent
vomiting - Severe headaches - Elevated temperature -
Dysuria Blurred vision - Edema of face and hands
Epigastric pain - Hyperglycemia - Hypoglycemia
22 Dick-Read method
"Childbirth without fear". Uses controlled breathing and
conscious and progressive relaxation of different muscle
groups throughout the entire body.
23 Lamaze
The mission of Lamaze International is to promote a
healthy, natural, and safe approach to pregnancy,
childbirth, and early parenting by advocating and
working with health care providers, parents, and
professional childbirth educators.
# Term Definition
24 Leboyer
Method of childbirth that is based on the idea of "birth
without violence". Dim lights, soft voices, warm birthing
room. Water baths are based on this method.
25 Bradley
Stresses the partner's involvement as the birthing coach.
Emphasizes increasing self-awareness and teaching the
woman to deal with the stress of labor by tuning into her
own body. The mother is encouraged to trust her body
and use natural breathing, relaxation, nutrition, exercise,
and education throughout pregnancy.
26 What are ways to relieve heartburn?
- Eat small frequent meals - Now allow the stomach to
get too empty or too full - Sit up for 30 min after meals -
Check with PCP prior to using any OTC antacids
AND ANSWERS
UPDATED 2026
# Term Definition
1 What is infertility?
Inability to conceive despite engaging in unprotected
sexual intercourse for a period of at least 12 months.
2 What are the positive signs of
pregnancy? Fetal heart sounds Visualization of fetus by ultrasound
*Fetal movement palpated by an experienced examiner
3 Nulligravida A woman who has never been pregnant
4 Primigravida A woman in her first pregnancy
5 Multigravida A woman who has had two or more pregnancies
6 GTPAL acronym
Gravidity Term (38 weeks or more) Preterm births (from
viability up to 37 weeks)
Abortions/miscarriages (prior to viability) Living children
7 110 to 160/min
Normal baseline rate of fetal heart
tones
8 Hegar's sign Softening and compressibility of lower uterus
9 Chadwick's sign
Deepened violet-bluish color of vaginal mucosa
secondary to increased vascularity of the area
,ATI MATERNAL
10 Goodell's sign Softening of cervical tip
11 Ballottment Rebound of unengaged fetus
12 Braxton Hicks contractions
False contractions, painless, irregular, and usually
relieved by walking
13 Nagele's rule
Take the first day of the woman's last menstrual cycle,
substract 3 months, and then add 7 days and 1 year
14 Chloasma
Mask of pregnancy (pigmentation increases on the face)
# Term Definition
15 Linea nigra
Dark line of pigmentation from the umbilicus extending
to the pubic area
16 Striae gravidarum
Stretch marks most notably found on the abdomen and
thighs
17 Probably signs of pregnancy are what?
- Abdominal enlargement related to changes in uterine
size, shape, and position - Cervical changes - Hegar's sign
- Chadwick's sign -
Goodell's sign - Ballottement - Braxton Hicks contractions
- Positive pregnancy test - Fetal outline felt by examiner
18 Presumptive signs of pregnancy are
what? - Amenorrhea - Fatigue - Nausea and vomiting Urinary
frequency - Breast changes - darkened areola, enlarged
- Montgomery's tubules Quickening - slight fluttering
movements of the fetus felt by a woman, usually
between 16 to 20 weeks of gestation - Uterine
enlargement Linea nigra - Chloasma - Striae gravidarum
19 False Causes birth defects
True or False Alcohol causes low birth
weight
, ATI MATERNAL
20 False Causes low birth weight
True or False Tobacco causes birth
defects
21 What are the danger signs of
pregnancy? - Gush of fluid from the vagina (rupture of amniotic fluid)
prior to 37 weeks of gestation Vaginal bleeding -
Abdominal pain - Changes in fetal activity - Persistent
vomiting - Severe headaches - Elevated temperature -
Dysuria Blurred vision - Edema of face and hands
Epigastric pain - Hyperglycemia - Hypoglycemia
22 Dick-Read method
"Childbirth without fear". Uses controlled breathing and
conscious and progressive relaxation of different muscle
groups throughout the entire body.
23 Lamaze
The mission of Lamaze International is to promote a
healthy, natural, and safe approach to pregnancy,
childbirth, and early parenting by advocating and
working with health care providers, parents, and
professional childbirth educators.
# Term Definition
24 Leboyer
Method of childbirth that is based on the idea of "birth
without violence". Dim lights, soft voices, warm birthing
room. Water baths are based on this method.
25 Bradley
Stresses the partner's involvement as the birthing coach.
Emphasizes increasing self-awareness and teaching the
woman to deal with the stress of labor by tuning into her
own body. The mother is encouraged to trust her body
and use natural breathing, relaxation, nutrition, exercise,
and education throughout pregnancy.
26 What are ways to relieve heartburn?
- Eat small frequent meals - Now allow the stomach to
get too empty or too full - Sit up for 30 min after meals -
Check with PCP prior to using any OTC antacids
